Method and apparatus for reporting channel state information in wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and, more specifically, to a method and an apparatus for reporting channel state information (CSI). According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method by which a terminal of the wireless communication system reports the CSI comprises: a step of receiving a reference signal from a base station; and a step of reporting the CSI generated through the reference signal to the base station. The CSI can include information for indicating a first pre-coding matrix for a first domain of a two-dimensional antenna structure and a second pre-coding matrix for a second domain of the two-dimensional antenna structure. The first pre-coding matrix can be determined on the basis of a coefficient wherein an angle the first domain is determined according to an angle in the second domain.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and,more particularly, to a method and device for reporting channel stateinformation (CSI).

BACKGROUND ART

Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technology is capable of improving datatransmission/reception efficiency using multiple transmit antennas andmultiple receive antennas instead of using a single transmit antenna anda single receive antenna. A receiver using a single antenna receivesdata through a single antenna path, but a receiver using multipleantennas receives data through multiple paths. Accordingly, datatransfer rate and data throughput may be improved, and coverage may beexpanded.

To increase multiplexing gain of MIMO operation, a MIMO transmitter mayreceive and use channel state information (CSI) fed back from a MIMOreceiver. The receiver may determine CSI by performing channelmeasurement using a predetermined reference signal (RS) received fromthe transmitter.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

An object of the present invention devised to solve the problem lies ina method for generating and reporting channel state information (CSI) tocorrectly and efficiently support a 2D antenna structure.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description of the present invention areexemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the invention as claimed.

Technical Solution

To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with thepurpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, amethod for reporting channel state information (CSI) by a user equipment(UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:receiving a reference signal from a base station (BS); and reporting theCSI generated using the reference signal to the BS, wherein the CSIcomprises information indicating a first precoding matrix for a firstdomain of a 2D antenna structure, and a second precoding matrix for asecond domain of the 2D antenna structure, and wherein the firstprecoding matrix is determined based on a coefficient for determining anangle in the first domain based on an angle in the second domain.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method for receivingchannel state information (CSI) by a base station (BS) in a wirelesscommunication system, the method comprising: transmitting a referencesignal to a user equipment (UE); and receiving the CSI generated usingthe reference signal by the UE from the UE, wherein the CSI comprisesinformation indicating a first precoding matrix for a first domain of a2D antenna structure, and a second precoding matrix for a second domainof the 2D antenna structure, and wherein the first precoding matrix isdetermined based on a coefficient for determining an angle in the firstdomain based on an angle in the second domain.

In another aspect of the present invention, a user equipment (UE) forreporting channel state information (CSI) in a wireless communicationsystem, the UE comprising: a transmitter; a receiver; and a processor,wherein the processor is configured to control the receiver to receive areference signal from a base station (BS), and control the transmitterto report the CSI generated using the reference signal to the BS,wherein the CSI comprises information indicating a first precodingmatrix for a first domain of a 2D antenna structure, and a secondprecoding matrix for a second domain of the 2D antenna structure, andwherein the first precoding matrix is determined based on a coefficientfor determining an angle in the first domain based on an angle in thesecond domain.

In another aspect of the present invention, a base station (BS) forreceiving channel state information (CSI) in a wireless communicationsystem, the BS comprising: a transmitter; a receiver; and a processor,wherein the processor is configured to control the transmitter totransmit a reference signal to a user equipment (UE), and control thereceiver to receive the CSI generated using the reference signal by theUE from the UE, wherein the CSI comprises information indicating a firstprecoding matrix for a first domain of a 2D antenna structure, and asecond precoding matrix for a second domain of the 2D antenna structure,and wherein the first precoding matrix is determined based on acoefficient for determining an angle in the first domain based on anangle in the second domain.

The following description may be commonly applied to the embodiments ofthe present invention.

The first precoding matrix is expressed as W_h=ê(j·2π·n·c·h/H)/√N,wherein, N is the number of antennas in the first domain, n is anantenna index in the first domain, H is the number of beams in the firstdomain, h is a beam index in the first domain, and c is the coefficient.

The second precoding matrix is expressed as W_v=ê(j·2π·m·k/K)/√M,wherein, M is the number of antennas in the second domain, m is anantenna index in the second domain, K is the number of beams in thesecond domain, and k is a beam index in the second domain.

A direction perpendicular to an antenna array in the second domaincorresponds to an angle θ=0° in the second domain.

If −90°≦θ≦90°, k has a value between 0 and K.

If 0°≦θ≦90°, k has a value between 0 and K/2.

If −90°≦θ≦0°, k has a value between K/2 and K.

A value of the coefficient c is determined based on c=√(1−

(2k/K−1)

̂2).

A value of the coefficient c is set to 1.

A direction perpendicular to an antenna array in the second domaincorresponds to an angle θ=0° in the second domain, and wherein, in asecond codebook comprising one or more candidates of the secondprecoding matrix for the second domain of the 2D antenna structure, aresolution of the second precoding matrix is set to be low if the angleis close to θ=0° compared to a case in which the angle is close toθ=90°.

A direction perpendicular to an antenna array in the second domaincorresponds to an angle θ=0° in the second domain, and wherein, in afirst codebook comprising the first precoding matrix for beamforming inthe first domain, a resolution of the first precoding matrix is set tobe high if the angle has a range of 0°≦θ≦90° compared to a case in whichthe angle has a range of −90°≦θ≦0 °.

The first domain is a horizontal domain, and wherein the second domainis a vertical domain.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description of the present invention areexemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the invention as claimed.

Advantageous Effects

According to the present invention, a new method for generating andreporting channel state information (CSI) to correctly and efficientlysupport a 2D antenna structure may be provided.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the effectsthat could be achieved through the present invention are not limited towhat has been particularly described hereinabove and other advantages ofthe present invention will be more clearly understood from the followingdetailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the inventionand together with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a resource grid at a downlink slot;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a downlink subframe;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an uplink subframe;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a wireless communication systemhaving multiple antennas;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary pattern of CRS and DRS onone resource block pair;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of DMRS pattern defined inthe LTE-A system;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating examples of CSI-RS patterns defined inthe LTE-A system;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for periodicallytransmitting CSI-RS;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a basic concept of codebook basedprecoding;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating examples for configuring 8 transmitantennas;

FIG. 12 is a diagram for describing the structure of a general activeantenna array system (AAS);

FIG. 13 is a diagram for describing the structure of a 2D antenna array;

FIG. 14 is a diagram for geometrically describing an AAS;

FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing a definition of angle directions;

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a planar antenna array configuration;

FIG. 17 is a diagram for describing another definition of angledirections;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating examples of beamforming based on a 2Dantenna configuration;

FIG. 19 is a diagram for describing examples of vertical beamforming;

FIG. 20 is a diagram for describing a method for transmitting/receivingchannel state information (CSI), according to the present invention; and

FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a base station (BS) and a user equipment(UE) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE

The following embodiments are achieved by combination of structuralelements and features of the present invention in a predetermined type.Each of the structural elements or features should be consideredselectively unless specified separately. Each of the structural elementsor features may be carried out without being combined with otherstructural elements or features. Also, some structural elements and/orfeatures may be combined with one another to constitute the embodimentsof the present invention. The order of operations described in theembodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some structuralelements or features of one embodiment may be included in anotherembodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding structural elements orfeatures of another embodiment.

In this specification, the embodiments of the present invention will bedescribed based on data transmission and reception between a basestation and a user equipment. In this case, the base station means aterminal node of a network, which performs direct communication with theuser equipment. A specific operation which has been described as beingperformed by the base station may be performed by an upper node of thebase station as the case may be.

In other words, it will be apparent that various operations performedfor communication with the user equipment in the network which includesa plurality of network nodes along with the base station may beperformed by the base station or network nodes other than the basestation. At this time, the ‘base station’ (BS) may be replaced withterminologies such as a fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and anaccess point (AP). Also, a relay may be replaced with terminologies suchas a relay node (RN) and a relay station (RS). Also, a ‘terminal’ may bereplaced with terminologies such as a user equipment (UE), a mobilestation (MS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), and a subscriberstation (SS).

Specific terminologies used in the following description are provided toassist understanding of the present invention, and various modificationsmay be made in the specific terminologies within the range that they donot depart from technical spirits of the present invention.

In some cases, to prevent the concept of the present invention frombeing ambiguous, structures and apparatuses of the known art will beomitted, or will be shown in the form of a block diagram based on mainfunctions of each structure and apparatus. Also, wherever possible, thesame reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings and thespecification to refer to the same or like parts.

The embodiments of the present invention may be supported by standarddocuments disclosed in at least one of wireless access systems, i.e.,IEEE 802 system, 3GPP system, 3GPP LTE system, 3GPP LTE, 3GPP LTE-A(LTE-Advanced) system, and 3GPP2 system. Namely, among the embodimentsof the present invention, apparent steps or parts, which are notdescribed to clarify technical spirits of the present invention, may besupported by the above documents. Also, all terminologies disclosedherein may be described by the above standard documents.

The following technology may be used for various wireless accesstechnologies such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA(frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multipleaccess), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), andSC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). The CDMAmay be implemented by the radio technology such as UTRA (universalterrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. The TDMA may be implemented bythe radio technology such as global system for mobile communications(GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rates for GSMevolution (EDGE). The OFDMA may be implemented by the radio technologysuch as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, andevolved UTRA (E-UTRA). The UTRA is a part of a universal mobiletelecommunications system (UMTS). A 3rd generation partnership projectlong term evolution (3GPP LTE) is a part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS)that uses E-UTRA, and adopts OFDMA in a downlink and SC-FDMA in anuplink. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolved version of the 3GPP LTE.WiMAX may be described by the IEEE 802.16e standard (WirelessMAN-OFDMAReference System) and the advanced IEEE 802.16m standard(WirelessMAN-OFDMA Advanced system). For clarification of thedescription, although the present invention will be described based onthe 3GPP LTE/LTE-A, it is to be understood that technical spirits of thepresent invention are not limited to the 3GPP LTE/LTE-A.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame.

In a cellular OFDM communication system, uplink/downlink data packettransmission is performed in a subframe unit, wherein one subframe isdefined by a given time interval that includes a plurality of OFDMsymbols. The 3GPP LTE standard supports a type 1 radio frame structureapplicable to frequency division duplex (FDD) and a type 2 radio framestructure applicable to time division duplex (TDD).

FIG. 1( a) is a diagram illustrating a structure of a type 1 radioframe. The downlink radio frame includes 10 subframes, each of whichincludes two slots in a time domain. A time required to transmit onesubframe will be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). Forexample, one subframe may have a length of lms, and one slot may have alength of 0.5 ms. One slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in atime domain and a plurality of resource blocks (RB) in a frequencydomain. Since the 3GPP LTE system uses OFDM in a downlink, OFDM symbolsrepresent one symbol interval. The OFDM symbol may be referred to asSC-FDMA symbol or symbol interval. The resource block (RB) is a resourceallocation unit and may include a plurality of continuous subcarriers inone slot.

The number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be varied dependingon configuration of a cyclic prefix (CP). Examples of the CP include anextended CP and a normal CP. For example, if the OFDM symbols areconfigured by the normal CP, the number of OFDM symbols included in oneslot may be 7. If the OFDM symbols are configured by the extended CP,since the length of one OFDM symbol is increased, the number of OFDMsymbols included in one slot is smaller than that of OFDM symbols incase of the normal CP. For example, in case of the extended CP, thenumber of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be 6. If a channelstatus is unstable like the case where the user equipment moves at highspeed, the extended CP may be used to reduce inter-symbol interference.

If the normal CP is used, since one slot includes seven OFDM symbols,one subframe includes 14 OFDM symbols. At this time, first two or threeOFDM symbols of each subframe may be allocated to a physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH), and the other OFDM symbols may be allocated toa physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

FIG. 1( b) is a diagram illustrating a structure of a type 2 radioframe. The type 2 radio frame includes two half frames, each of whichincludes five subframes, a downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS), a guardperiod (GP), and an uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS). One subframeincludes two slots. The DwPTS is used for initial cell search,synchronization or channel estimation at the user equipment. The UpPTSis used for channel estimation at the base station and uplinktransmission synchronization of the user equipment. Also, the guardperiod is to remove interference occurring in the uplink due tomultipath delay of downlink signals between the uplink and the downlink.Meanwhile, one subframe includes two slots regardless of the type of theradio frame.

The structure of the radio frame is only exemplary, and variousmodifications may be made in the number of subframes included in theradio frame, the number of slots included in the subframe, or the numberof symbols included in the slot.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a resource grid at a downlink slot.

One downlink slot includes, but not limited to, seven OFDM symbols in atime domain, and one resource block (RB) includes, but not limited to,twelve subcarriers in a frequency domain. For example, although one slotincludes seven OFDM symbols in case of the normal CP, one slot mayinclude six OFDM symbols in case of the extended CP. Each element on theresource grid will be referred to as a resource element (RE). Oneresource block (RB) includes 12×7(6) resource elements. The number NDLof resource blocks (RBs) included in the downlink slot depends on adownlink transmission bandwidth. A structure of an uplink slot may bethe same as that of the downlink slot.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a downlink subframe.

Maximum three OFDM symbols located at the front of the first slot withinone subframe correspond to a control region to which a control channelis allocated. The other OFDM symbols correspond to a data region towhich a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is allocated.

Examples of the downlink control channel used in the 3GPP LTE systeminclude a PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel), a PDCCH(Physical Downlink Control CHannel), and a PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQIndicator CHannel). The PCFICH is transmitted from the first OFDM symbolof the subframe, and includes information on the number of OFDM symbolsused for transmission of the control channel within the subframe. ThePHICH is a response to uplink transmission, and includes HARQ ACK/NACK(acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement) signal. The controlinformation transmitted through the PDCCH will be referred to asdownlink control information (DCI). The DCI includes uplink or downlinkscheduling information or uplink transmission (Tx) power control commandfor a random user equipment group. The PDCCH includes transport formatand resource allocation information of a downlink shared channel(DL-SCH), resource allocation information of an uplink shared channel(UL-SCH), paging information of a paging channel (PCH), systeminformation on the DL-SCH, resource allocation information of an upperlayer control message such as a random access response transmitted ontothe PDSCH, a set of transmission power control commands of an individualuser equipment within a random user equipment group, transmission powercontrol information, and activation of voice over Internet protocol(VoIP). A plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted within the controlregion, and the user equipment may monitor the plurality of PDCCHs.

The PDCCH is transmitted by aggregation of one or more continuouscontrol channel elements (CCEs). The CCE is a logic allocation unit usedto provide a PDCCH at a predetermined coding rate based on the status ofa radio channel. The CCE corresponds to a plurality of resource elementgroups (REGs). The format of the PDCCH and the number of available bitsof the PDCCH are determined depending on the correlation between thenumber of CCEs and the coding rate provided by the CCE.

The base station determines a PDCCH format depending on the DCItransmitted to the user equipment, and attaches cyclic redundancy check(CRC) to the control information. The CRC is masked with a radio networktemporary identifier (RNTI) depending on owner or usage of the PDCCH.For example, if the PDCCH is for a specific user equipment, the CRC maybe masked with cell-RNTI (C-RNTI) of the corresponding user equipment.If the PDCCH is for a paging message, the CRC may be masked with apaging indicator identifier (P-RNTI). If the PDCCH is for systeminformation (in more detail, system information block (SIB)), the CRCmay be masked with system information identifier and system informationRNTI (SI-RNTI). The CRC may be masked with a random access RNTI(RA-RNTI) to indicate a random access response that is a response totransmission of a random access preamble of the user equipment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an uplink subframe.

The uplink subframe may be divided into a control region and a dataregion on a frequency domain. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)which includes uplink control information is allocated to the controlregion. A physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) which includes userdata is allocated to the data region. In order to maintain singlecarrier features, one user equipment does not transmit the PUCCH and thePUSCH at the same time. The PUCCH for one user equipment is allocated toresource block (RB) pair for the subframe. Resource blocks (RBs)belonging to the RB pair reserve different subcarriers for two slots.The RB pair allocated to the PUCCH is subjected to frequency hopping ata slot boundary.

Modeling of MIMO System

FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a wireless communication systemhaving multiple antennas.

As shown in FIG. 5( a), if the number of transmitting antennas isincreased to NT and the number of receiving antennas is increased to NR,channel transmission capacity is increased theoretically in proportionto the number of antennas unlike that a plurality of antennas are usedin only a transmitter or a receiver. Accordingly, it is possible toimprove a transmission rate and remarkably improve frequency efficiency.As channel transmission capacity is increased, a transmission rate maybe increased theoretically as much as a value obtained by multiplying amaximum transmission rate R0, which corresponds to a case where a singleantenna is used, by an increase rate Ri.

R _(i)=min(N _(T) ,N _(R))  [Equation 1]

For example, in a MIMO communication system that uses four transmittingantennas and four receiving antennas, a transmission rate theoreticallyfour times greater than that of a single antenna system may be obtained.After theoretical capacity increase of the MIMO system has been provedin the middle of 1990, various technologies have been actively studiedto substantially improve a data transmission rate. Also, some of thetechnologies have been already reflected in the standard of variouswireless communications such as third generation mobile communicationand next generation wireless LAN.

Upon reviewing the recent trend of studies related to the MIMO system,active studies are ongoing in view of various aspects such as the studyof information theoretical aspect related to MIMO communication capacitycalculation under various channel environments and multiple accessenvironments, the study of radio channel measurement and modeling of aMIMO system, and the study of time space signal processing technologyfor improvement of transmission reliability and transmission rate.

A communication method in a MIMO system will be described in more detailwith reference to mathematical modeling. In the MIMO system, it isassumed that NT transmitting antennas and NR receiving antennas exist.

First of all, a transmitting signal will be described. If there exist NTtransmitting antennas, the number of maximum transmission information isNT. The transmission information may be expressed as follows.

s=└s ₁ ,s ₂ , . . . ,s _(N) _(T) ┘^(T)  [Equation 2]

Different kinds of transmission power may be applied to each of thetransmission information s₁, s₂, . . . , s_(N) _(T) . At this time,supposing that each transmission power is P₁, P₂, . . . , P_(N) _(T) ,transmission information of which transmission power is controlled maybe expressed as follows.

ŝ=[ŝ ₁ ,ŝ ₂ , . . . ,ŝ _(N) _(T) ]^(T) =[P ₁ s ₁ ,P ₂ s ₂ , . . . ,P_(N) _(T) s _(N) _(T) ]^(T)  [Equation 3]

Also, Ŝ may be expressed as follows using a diagonal matrix P.

$\begin{matrix}{\hat{s} = {{\begin{bmatrix}P_{1} & \; & \; & 0 \\\; & P_{2} & \; & \; \\\; & \; & \ddots & \; \\0 & \; & \; & P_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}s_{1} \\s_{2} \\\vdots \\s_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}} = {Ps}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

It is considered that a weight matrix W is applied to the informationvector Ŝ of which transmission power is controlled, so as to obtain NTtransmitting signals x₁, x₂, . . . , x_(N) _(T) . In this case, theweight matrix W serves to properly distribute the transmissioninformation to each antenna. Such transmitting signals x₁, x₂, . . . ,x_(N) _(T) may be expressed as follows using a vector X.

$\begin{matrix}{x = {\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} \\x_{2} \\\vdots \\x_{i} \\\vdots \\x_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix} = {\quad{{\begin{bmatrix}w_{11} & w_{12} & \cdots & w_{1\; N_{T}} \\w_{21} & w_{22} & \cdots & w_{2\; N_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\w_{i\; 1} & w_{i\; 2} & \ldots & w_{{iN}_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\w_{N_{T}1} & w_{N_{T}2} & \ldots & w_{N_{T}N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{\hat{s}}_{1} \\{\hat{s}}_{2} \\\vdots \\{\hat{s}}_{j} \\\vdots \\{\hat{s}}_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}} = {{W\hat{s}} = {WPs}}}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In this case, W_(ij) means a weight value between the ith transmittingantenna and the jth information. W may be referred to as a precodingmatrix.

If there exist NR receiving antennas, receiving signals y₁, y₂, . . . ,y_(N) _(R) of the respective antennas may be expressed by a vector asfollows.

y=[y ₁ ,y ₂ , . . . ,y _(N) _(R) ]^(r)  [Equation 6]

In case of channel modeling in the MIMO communication system, channelsmay be classified depending on indexes of transmitting and receivingantenna indexes. In this case, a channel that passes from the jthtransmitting antenna to the ith receiving antenna will be expressed ash_(ij). It is noted that index of the receiving antenna is prior toindex of the transmitting antenna in index of h_(ij).

Meanwhile, FIG. 5( b) illustrates channels from NT transmitting antennasfrom the receiving antenna i. Several channels may be grouped into oneand then may be expressed by a vector type or a matrix type. As shown inFIG. 5( b), the channels from NT transmitting antennas to the ithreceiving antenna may be expressed as follows.

h _(i) ^(T) =└h _(i1) ,h _(i2) , . . . ,h _(iN) _(T) ┘  [Equation 7]

Accordingly, all channels from NT transmitting antennas to NR receivingantennas may be expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}{H = {\begin{bmatrix}h_{1}^{T} \\h_{2}^{T} \\\vdots \\h_{i}^{T} \\\vdots \\h_{N_{R}}^{T}\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}h_{11} & h_{12} & \cdots & h_{1\; N_{T}} \\h_{21} & h_{22} & \cdots & h_{2\; N_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\h_{i\; 1} & h_{i\; 2} & \ldots & h_{{iN}_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\h_{N_{R}1} & h_{N_{R}2} & \ldots & h_{N_{R}N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Since additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is actually added to thechannels after the above channel matrix H. AWGN n₁, n₂, . . . , n_(N)_(R) added to each of the NR receiving antennas may be expressed asfollows.

n=[n ₁ ,n ₂ , . . . ,n _(N) _(R) ]^(T)  [Equation 9]

The receiving signals obtained using the above equation modeling may beexpressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}{y = {\begin{bmatrix}y_{1} \\y_{2} \\\vdots \\y_{i} \\\vdots \\y_{N_{R}}\end{bmatrix} = {{{\begin{bmatrix}h_{11} & h_{12} & \cdots & h_{1\; N_{T}} \\h_{21} & h_{22} & \cdots & h_{2\; N_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\h_{i\; 1} & h_{i\; 2} & \ldots & h_{{iN}_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\h_{N_{R}1} & h_{N_{R}2} & \ldots & h_{N_{R}N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} \\x_{2} \\\vdots \\x_{j} \\\vdots \\x_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}} + \begin{bmatrix}n_{1} \\n_{2} \\\vdots \\n_{i} \\\vdots \\n_{N_{R}}\end{bmatrix}} = {{Hx} + n}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 10} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In the meantime, the number of rows and columns of the channel matrix Hindicating the channel state is determined by the number of transmittingantennas and the number of receiving antennas. The number of rows in thechannel matrix H is the same as the number NR of receiving antennas, andthe number of columns is the same as the number NT of transmittingantennas. In other words, the channel matrix H may be expressed by NR×NTmatrix.

A rank of the matrix is defined by a minimum number of the number ofrows and the number of columns, which are independent from each other.Therefore, the rank of the matrix cannot have a value greater than thenumber of rows or the number of columns. Rank (rank(H)) of the channelmatrix H may be limited as follows.

rank(H)≦min(N _(T) ,N _(R))  [Equation 11]

The rank may also be defined by the number of eigen values not 0 wheneigen value decomposition is performed for the matrix. Similarly, therank may be defined by the number of singular values not 0 when singularvalue decomposition (SVD) is performed for the matrix. Accordingly, inthe channel matrix, the rank may physically mean a maximum number ofcolumns or rows that may transmit different kinds of information from agiven channel.

In this specification, ‘Rank’ for MIMO transmission represents thenumber of paths that may transmit a signal independently at a specifictime and a specific frequency resource, and ‘the number of layers’represents the number of signal streams transmitted through each path.Generally, since the transmitter transmits layers corresponding to thenumber of ranks used for signal transmission, the ranks are the same asthe number of layers unless mentioned otherwise.

Reference Signal (RS)

When a packet is transmitted in the wireless communication system,signal distortion may occur during transmission of the packet becausethe packet is transmitted through a radio channel. In order to normallyreceive the distorted signal, a receiver should correct distortion ofthe received signal by using channel information. In order to discoverthe channel information, it is required to transmit the signal known byboth a transmitter and the receiver and discover the channel informationusing a distortion level of the signal when the signal is transmittedthrough the channel. In this case, the signal known by both thetransmitter and the receiver will be referred to as a pilot signal or areference signal.

In case that the transmitter or the receiver of the wirelesscommunication system transmits and receives data by using multipleantennas, a channel status between each transmitter and each receivershould be known to receive a normal signal. Accordingly, a separatereference signal should be provided per transmitting antenna.

In the wireless communication system, the reference signal (RS) may bedivided into two types in accordance with its purpose. Examples of thereference signal include a reference signal used for acquisition ofchannel information and a reference signal used for data demodulation.Since the former reference signal is intended for acquisition of channelinformation on the downlink through the user equipment, it needs to betransmitted through a wideband. Also, the former reference signal shouldbe received and measured even by a user equipment that does not receivedownlink data for a specific subframe. This reference signal foracquisition of channel information may be used even for measurement ofhandover. The latter reference signal is transmitted from the basestation together with a corresponding resource when the base stationtransmits downlink data. In this case, the user equipment may performchannel estimation by receiving the corresponding reference signal,whereby the user equipment may demodulate the data. This referencesignal for data demodulation should be transmitted to a region to whichdata are transmitted.

The existing 3GPP LTE system (for example, 3GPP LTE release-8) definestwo types of downlink RSs for unicast service. The one of the downlinkreference signals is a common reference signal (CRS), and the other oneis a dedicated reference signal (DRS). The CRS is used for bothinformation acquisition of channel status and measurement for handover,and may be referred to as a cell-specific RS. The DRS is used for datademodulation, and may be referred to as a UE-specific RS. In theexisting 3GPP LTE system, the DRS may be used for data demodulationonly, and the CRS may be used for both acquisition of channelinformation and data demodulation.

The CRS is a cell-specific RS and is transmitted to a wideband persubframe. The CRS for maximum four antenna ports may be transmitted inaccordance with the number of transmitting antennas of the base station.For example, if the number of transmitting antennas of the base stationis 2, CRS for antenna ports 0 and 1 may be transmitted. If the number oftransmitting antennas of the base station is 4, CRS for antenna ports 0to 3 may be transmitted respectively.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary pattern of CRS and DRS onone resource block pair.

In the example of the reference signal pattern in FIG. 6, patterns ofCRS and DRS are provided on one resource block pair (in case of normalCP, 14 OFDM symbols on the time×12 subcarriers on the frequency) in thesystem that the base station supports four transmitting antennas. InFIG. 6, resource elements remarked with ‘R0’, ‘R1’, ‘R2’ and ‘R3’represent positions of the CRS for antenna port indexes 0, 1, 2 and 3.Meanwhile, in FIG. 6, a resource element marked with ‘ID’ represents theposition of the DRS defined in the LTE system.

The LTE-A system which is an evolved version of the LTE system maysupport maximum eight transmitting antennas on the downlink.Accordingly, reference signals for maximum eight transmitting antennasshould also be supported. In the LTE system, since downlink referencesignals are defined for maximum four antenna ports only, if the basestation includes minimum four downlink transmitting antennas to maximumeight downlink transmitting antennas in the LTE-A system, referencesignals for these antenna ports should additionally be defined. Thereference signals for maximum eight transmitting antenna ports may beconsidered for two types of reference signals, i.e., the referencesignal for channel measurement and the reference signal for datademodulation as described above.

One of important considerations in designing the LTE-A system isbackward compatibility. Backward compatibility means that the LTE userequipment of the related art should be operated normally even in theLTE-A system. In view of reference signal transmission, if referencesignals for maximum eight transmitting antenna ports should be definedadditionally in the time-frequency domain to which CRS defined in theLTE standard is transmitted to a full band every subframe, RS overheadbecomes too great. Accordingly, it should be considered that RS overheadis reduced in newly designing RS for maximum eight antenna ports.

The reference signal newly introduced in the LTE-A system may be dividedinto two types. One of the reference signals is a channel statusinformation-reference signal (CSI-RS) which is the RS for channelmeasurement for selecting transmission rank, modulation and codingscheme (MCS), and precoding matrix index (PMI), and the other one is ademodulation RS (DMRS) which is the RS for demodulation of datatransmitted through maximum eight transmitting antennas.

The CSI-RS for channel measurement is designed for channel measurementmainly unlike the existing CRS used for channel measurement, handovermeasurement, and data demodulation. The CSI-RS may also be used forhandover measurement. Since the CSI-RS is transmitted only to obtainchannel status information, it may not be transmitted per subframeunlike the CRS of the existing LTE system. Accordingly, in order toreduce overhead of the CSI-RS, the CSI-RS may be designed to beintermittently (for example, periodically) be transmitted on the timeaxis.

If data are transmitted on a random downlink subframe, a dedicated DMRSis transmitted to the user equipment for which data transmission isscheduled. In other words, the DMRS may be referred to as a UE-specificRS. The DMRS dedicated for a specific user equipment may be designed tobe transmitted from only the resource region for which the correspondinguser equipment is scheduled, that is, the time-frequency domain to whichdata for the corresponding user equipment are transmitted.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of DMRS pattern defined inthe LTE-A system.

FIG. 7 illustrates a position of a resource element where DMRSs aretransmitted on one resource block pair (in case of normal CP, 14 OFDMsymbols on the time×12 subcarriers on the frequency) to which downlinkdata are transmitted. The DMRS may be transmitted four antenna ports(antenna port indexes 7, 8, 9 and 10) defined additionally in the LTE-Asystem. The DMRSs for different kinds of antenna ports may be identifiedfrom one another in such a manner that they are located on differentfrequency resources (subcarriers) and/or different time resources (OFDMsymbols) (that is, the DMRSs may be multiplexed in accordance with FDMand/or TDM mode). Also, the DMRSs for different antenna ports located onthe same time-frequency resource may be identified from one another byorthogonal codes (that is, the DMRSs may be multiplexed in accordancewith CDM mode). In the example of FIG. 7, the DMRSs for the antennaports 7 and 8 may be located on the resource elements (REs) of DMRS CDMgroup 1, and may be multiplexed by orthogonal codes. Likewise, in theexample of FIG. 7, the DMRSs for the antenna ports 9 and 10 may belocated on the resource elements (REs) of DMRS CDM group 2, and may bemultiplexed by orthogonal codes.

When the base station transmits the DMRS, the same precoding as thatapplied to data is applied to the DMRS. Accordingly, channel informationestimated by the user equipment using the DMRS (or UE-specific RS) isthe precoded channel information. The user equipment may easily performdata demodulation by using the precoded channel information estimatedthrough the DMRS. However, since the user equipment cannot know theprecoding information applied to the DMRS, the user equipment cannotacquire channel information, which is not precoded, from the DMRS. Theuser equipment may acquire channel information, which is not precoded,by using a separate reference signal in addition to the DMRS, that is,the aforementioned CSI-RS.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating examples of CSI-RS patterns defined inthe LTE-A system.

FIG. 8 illustrates a position of a resource element where CSI-RSs aretransmitted on one resource block pair (in case of normal CP, 14 OFDMsymbols on the time×12 subcarriers on the frequency) to which downlinkdata are transmitted. One of CSI-RS patterns in FIG. 8( a) to FIG. 8( e)may be used for a random downlink subframe. The CSI-RS may betransmitted for eight antenna ports (antenna port indexes 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20, 21 and 22) defined additionally in the LTE-A system. TheCSI-RSs for different antenna ports may be identified from one anotherin such a manner that they are located on different frequency resources(subcarriers) and/or different time resources (OFDM symbols) (that is,the CSI-RSs may be multiplexed in accordance with FDM and/or TDM mode).Also, the CSI-RSs for different antenna ports located on the sametime-frequency resource may be identified from one another by orthogonalcodes (that is, the CSI-RSs may be multiplexed in accordance with CDMmode). In the example of FIG. 8( a), the CSI-RSs for the antenna ports15 and 16 may be located on the resource elements (REs) of CSI-RS CDMgroup 1, and may be multiplexed by orthogonal codes. In the example ofFIG. 8( a), the CSI-RSs for the antenna ports 17 and 18 may be locatedon the resource elements (REs) of CSI-RS CDM group 2, and may bemultiplexed by orthogonal codes. In the example of FIG. 8( a), theCSI-RSs for the antenna ports 19 and 20 may be located on the resourceelements (REs) of CSI-RS CDM group 3, and may be multiplexed byorthogonal codes. In the example of FIG. 8( a), the CSI-RSs for theantenna ports 21 and 22 may be located on the resource elements (REs) ofCSI-RS CDM group 4, and may be multiplexed by orthogonal codes. The sameprinciple described based on FIG. 8( a) may be applied to FIG. 8( b) toFIG. 8( e).

The RS patterns of FIGS. 6 and 8 are only exemplary, and variousembodiments of the present invention are not limited to a specific RSpattern. In other words, various embodiments of the present inventionmay equally be applied to even a case where RS pattern different fromthose of FIGS. 6 and 8 is defined and used.

CSI-RS Configuration

As described above, in the LTE-A system that supports maximum eighttransmitting antennas on the downlink, the base station should transmitCSI-RSs for all antenna ports. Since transmission of the CSI-RSs formaximum eight transmitting antenna ports every subframe has a drawbackin that overhead is too great, the CSI-RSs should be transmittedintermittently on the time axis without being transmitted everysubframe, to reduce overhead. Accordingly, the CSI-RSs may betransmitted periodically at a period of integer multiple of one subframeor may be transmitted at a specific transmission pattern.

At this time, the transmission period or transmission pattern of theCSI-RS may be configured by the network (for example, base station). Inorder to perform measurement based on the CSI-RS, the user equipmentshould know CSI-RS configuration for each antenna port of a cell (ortransmission point (TP) to which the user equipment belongs. CSI-RSconfiguration may include downlink subframe index for which the CSI-RSis transmitted, time-frequency positions (for example, CSI-RS patternsthe same as those of FIG. 8( a) to FIG. 8( e)) of CSI-RS resourceelements (REs) within a transmission subframe, and CSI-RS sequence (usedfor CSI-RS and generated pseudo-randomly in accordance with apredetermined rule on the basis of slot number, cell ID, CP length,etc.). In other words, a plurality of CSI-RS configurations may be usedby a given base station, and the base station indicate CSI-RSconfiguration, which will be used for user equipment(s) within a cell,among the plurality of CSI-RS configurations.

The plurality of CSI-RS configurations may include or not include oneCSI-RS configuration assumed by the user equipment that transmissionpower of the CSI-RS is not 0 (non-zero). Also, the plurality of CSI-RSconfigurations may include or not include one or more CSI-RSconfigurations assumed by the user equipment that transmission power ofthe CSI-RS is 0.

Also, each bit of parameters (for example, 16-bit bitmap ZeroPowerCSl-RSparameter) for CSI-RS configuration of the transmission power of 0 maycorrespond to CSI-RS configuration (or REs to which the CSI-RS may beallocated in accordance with CSI-RS configuration) in accordance with anupper layer, and the user equipment may assume that the transmissionpower at the CSI-RS REs of CSI-RS configuration corresponding to a bitset to 1 in the corresponding parameter is 0.

Also, since the CSI-RSs for the respective antenna ports are required tobe identified from one another, resources to which the CSI-RSs for therespective antenna ports are transmitted should be orthogonal to oneanother. As described with reference to FIG. 8, the CSI-RSs for therespective antenna ports may be multiplexed in accordance with FDM, TDMand/or CDM mode by using orthogonal frequency resources, orthogonal timeresources and/or orthogonal code resources.

When the base station notifies the user equipment within the cell ofCSI-RS information (CSI-RS configuration), the base station should firstnotify the user equipment of time-frequency information into which theCSI-RSs for the respective antenna ports are mapped. In more detail, thetime information may include subframe numbers to which the CSI-RSs aretransmitted, a transmission period of CSI-RSs, offset of subframe towhich the CSI-RSs are transmitted, and OFDM symbol number to whichCSI-RS resource element (RE) of a specific antenna is transmitted. Thefrequency information may include frequency spacing to which CSI-RSresource element (RE) of a specific antenna is transmitted, offset orshift value of RE on a frequency axis, etc.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for periodicallytransmitting CSI-RS.

The CSI-RS may be transmitted at a period of integer multiple (forexample, 5-subframe period, 10-subframe period, 20-subframe period,40-subframe period, or 80-subframe period) of one subframe.

In FIG. 9, one radio frame includes 10 subframes (subframe numbers 0 to9). For example, in FIG. 9, a transmission period of the CSI-RS of thebase station is 10 ms (that is, 10 subframes), and CSI-RS transmissionoffset is 3. The offset value may be varied depending on respective basestations such that the CSI-RSs of several cells may uniformly bedistributed on the time. If the CSI-RS is transmitted at a period of 10ms, the offset value may have one of 0 to 9. Similarly, if the CSI-RS istransmitted at a period of 5 ms, the offset value may have one of 0 to4, if the CSI-RS is transmitted at a period of 20 ms, the offset valuemay have one of 0 to 19, if the CSI-RS is transmitted at a period of 40ms, the offset value may have one of 0 to 39, and if the CSI-RS istransmitted at a period of 80 ms, the offset value may have one of 0 to79. This offset value represents a value of subframe at which the basestation starts CSI-RS transmission at a predetermined period. If thebase station notifies the user equipment of the transmission period andoffset value of the CSI-RS, the user equipment may receive the CSI-RS ofthe base station at the corresponding subframe position by using thecorresponding value. The user equipment may measure a channel throughthe received CSI-RS and, as a result, report information such as CQI,PMI and/or RI (Rank Indicator) to the base station. In thisspecification, CQI, PMI, and RI may be referred to as CQI (or CSI)except that they are described separately. Also, the information relatedto the CSI-RS may commonly be applied to the user equipments within thecell as cell-specific information. Also, the CSI-RS transmission periodand offset may be designated separately for each CSI-RS configuration.For example, separate CSI-RS transmission period and offset may be setto the CSI-RS configuration indicating CSI-RS transmitted at atransmission power of 0 as described later and CSI-RS configurationindicating CSI-RS transmitted at a transmission power of non-zero.

Unlike the CRS transmitted at all the subframes at which the PDSCH maybe transmitted, the CSI-RS may be set such that the CSI-RS istransmitted at some subframes only. For example, CSI subframe setsCCSI,0 and CCSI,1 may be configured by the upper layer. CSI referenceresource (that is, predetermined resource region which becomes areference of CSI calculation) may belong to either CCSI,0 or CCSI,1, ormay not belong to both CCSI,0 and CCSI,1. Accordingly, if the CSIsubframe sets CCSI,0 and CCSI,1 are configured by the upper layer, theuser equipment may not expect that CSI reference resource existing at asubframe that does not belong to any one of the CSI subframe sets willbe triggered (or indication of CSI calculation).

Also, the CSI reference resource may be set on a valid downlinksubframe. The valid downlink subframe may be set as a subframe thatsatisfies various requirements. One of the requirements may be thesubframe that belongs to the CSI subframe set linked to periodic CSIreport if the CSI subframe set is configured for the user equipment incase of periodic CSI report.

Also, the user equipment may obtain CQI indexes from the CSI referenceresource by considering the following assumptions (for details, see 3GPPTS 36.213).

-   -   First three OFDM symbols of one subframe are reserved by control        signaling.    -   There is no resource element used by a primary synchronization        signal, a secondary synchronization signal, or physical        broadcast signal (PBCH).    -   CP length of non-MBSFN subframe    -   Redundancy version is 0    -   If the CSI-RS is used for channel measurement, a PDSCH EPRE        (Energy Per Resource Element) to CSI-RS EPRE ratio depends on a        predetermined rule.    -   In case of CSI report in a transmission mode 9 (that is, mode        that supports maximum eight-layer transmission), if PMI/RI        report is configured for the user equipment, it is assumed that        DMRS overhead is matched with rank which is reported most        recently (for example, since DMRS overhead on one resource block        pair is 12 REs in case of two or more antenna ports (that is,        less than rank 2) as described with reference to FIG. 7 but is        24 REs in case of three or more antenna ports (that is, more        than rank 3), CQI index may be calculated by assuming DMRS        overhead corresponding to the rank value which is reported most        recently).    -   RE is not allocated to CSI-RS and 0-power CSI-RS.    -   RE is not allocated to positioning RS (PRS).    -   PDSCH transmission scheme depends on a transmission mode (which        may be default mode) currently set for the user equipment.    -   A PDSCH EPRE to cell-specific reference signal EPRE ratio        depends on a predetermined rule.

This CSI-RS configuration may be notified from the base station to theuser equipment by using RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, forexample. In other words, information on the CSI-RS configuration may beprovided to each user equipment within the cell by using dedicated RRCsignaling. For example, the base station may notify the user equipmentof CSI-RS configuration through RRC signaling when the user equipmentestablishes connection with the base station through initial access orhandover. Alternatively, when the base station transmits RRC signalingmessage, which requires channel status feedback based on CSI-RSmeasurement, to the user equipment, the base station may notify the userequipment of the CSI-RS configuration through corresponding RRCsignaling message.

In the meantime, the time position where the CSI-RS exists, that is,cell-specific subframe setup period and cell-specific subframe offsetmay be listed as illustrated in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 CSI-RS subframe CSI-RS period CSI-RS subframe offsetconfiguration I_(CSI-RS) T_(CSI-RS) (subframe) Δ_(CSI-RS) (subframe) 0-45 I_(CSI-RS)  5-14 10 I_(CSI-RS) − 5  15-34 20 I_(CSI-RS) − 15 35-74 40I_(CSI-RS) − 35  75-154 80 I_(CSI-RS) − 75

As described above, the parameter I_(CSI RS) may be set separately forthe CSI-RS assumed by the user equipment that the transmission power isnot 0 and the CSI-RS assumed by the user equipment that the transmissionpower is 0. The subframe that includes the CSI-RS may be expressed bythe following Equation 12 (in Equation 12, n_(f) is a system framenumber, and n_(s) is a slot number).

(10n _(f) +└n _(s)/2┘−Δ_(CSI-RS))mod T _(CSI-RS)=0  [Equation 12]

A CSI-RS-Config information element (IE) defined as illustrated in Table2 below may be used to specify CSI-RS configuration.

TABLE 2 CSI-RS-Config information elements -- ASN1STARTCSI-RS-Config-r10 ::= SEQUENCE {  csi-RS-r10  CHOICE {   release   NULL,  setup   SEQUENCE {    antennaPortsCount-r10    ENUMERATED {an1, an2,an4, an8},    resourceConfig-r10    INTEGER (0..31),   subframeConfig-r10     INTEGER (0..154),    p-C-r10    INTEGER(-8..15)   }  }           OPTIONAL, -- Need ON  zeroTxPowerCSI-RS-r10  CHOICE {   release   NULL,   setup   SEQUENCE {   zeroTxPowerResourceConfigList-r10      BIT STRING (SIZE (16)),   zeroTxPowerSubframeConfig-r10      INTEGER (0..154)   }  }           OPTIONAL -- Need ON } -- ASN1STOP

In Table 2, the antenna port count parameter antennaPortsCountrepresents the number of antenna ports (that is, CSI-RS ports) used forCSI-RS transmission, and an1 corresponds to 1 and an2 corresponds to 2.

In Table 2, the p_C parameter represents a PDSCH EPRE (Energy PerResource Element) to CSI-RS EPRE ratio assumed when the user equipmentUE derives CSI feedback.

In Table 2, the resource configuration parameter resourceConfig has avalue that determines a position of a resource element to which theCSI-RS is mapped on the RB pair as illustrated in FIG. 8.

In Table 2, the subframe configuration parameter subframeConfigcorresponds to I_(CSI-RS) in Table 1.

In Table 2, zeroTxPowerResourceConfigList and zeroTxPowerSubframeConfigrespectively correspond to resourceConfig and subframeConfig for theCSI-RS of the transmission power of 0.

Details of the CSI-RS configuration IE in Table 2 will be understoodwith reference to the standard document TS 36.331.

Channel Status Information (CSI)

The MIMO scheme may be divided into an open-loop system and aclosed-loop system. The open-loop MIMO scheme means that a MIMOtransmitter performs MIMO transmission without feedback of channelstatus information from a MIMO receiver. The closed-loop MIMO schememeans that the MIMO transmitter performs MIMO transmission by using thechannel status information fed back from the MIMO receiver. In theclosed-loop MIMO scheme, each of the transmitter and the receiver mayperform beamforming on the basis of the channel status information toobtain multiplexing gain of MIMO transmitting antennas. The transmitter(for example, base station) may allocate an uplink control channel or anuplink shared channel to the receiver (for example, user equipment), sothat the receiver may feed the channel status information back.

The user equipment may perform estimation and/or measurement for adownlink channel by using the CRS and/or the CSI-RS. The channel statusinformation (CSI) which is fed back from the user equipment to the basestation may include a rank indicator (RI), a precoding matrix index(PMI), and a channel quality indicator (CQI).

The RI is information for a channel rank. The rank of the channel meansa maximum number of layers (or streams) that may transmit differentkinds of information through the same time-frequency resources. Sincethe rank value is mainly determined by long term padding of a channel,the rank value may generally be fed back in accordance with a longerperiod (that is, less frequently) than those of the PMI and the CQI.

The PMI is information for a precoding matrix used for transmission fromthe transmitter, and is a value that reflects spatial features of achannel. Precoding means that transmission layers are mapped intotransmitting antennas, and layer-antenna mapping relation may bedetermined by a precoding matrix. The PMI corresponds to a precodingmatrix index of the base station preferred by the user equipment on thebasis of a metric such as a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio(SINR). In order to reduce feedback overhead of precoding information,the transmitter and the receiver previously share a codebook thatincludes various precoding matrixes, and only an index indicating aspecific precoding matrix in the corresponding codebook may be fed back.For example, the PMI may be determined on the basis of RI which isreported most recently.

The CQI is the information indicating channel quality or channelstrength. The CQI may be expressed by MCS combination which ispreviously determined. In other words, the CQI index represents acorresponding modulation scheme and a code rate. The CQI may becalculated by assuming that the PDSCH may be received without exceedinga predetermined error probability (for example, 0.1) on the assumptionthat a specific resource region (for example, region specified by validsubframe and/or physical resource block) is set to CQI referenceresource and PDSCH transmission exists in the corresponding CQIreference resource. Generally, the CQI becomes a value that reflectsreceived SNR that may be obtained if the base station configures aspatial channel by using the PMI. For example, the CQI may be calculatedon the basis of RI and/or PMI which is reported most recently.

In the system (for example, LTE-A system) that supports extended antennaconfiguration, it is considered that additional multi-user diversity isacquired using a multi-user-MIMO (MU-MIMO) scheme. In case of theMU-MIMO scheme, since an interference channel exists between the userequipments multiplexed in an antenna domain, if the base stationperforms downlink transmission by using channel status information fedback from one of multiple user equipments, it is required thatinterference should not occur with the other user equipments.Accordingly, in order that MU-MIMO operation is performed normally,channel status information having exactness higher than that of theSU-MIMO scheme should be fed back.

A new CSI feedback method improved from CSI, which includes the existingRI, PMI and CQI, may be used such that the channel status informationmay be measured and reported more exactly. For example, the precodinginformation fed back from the receiver may be indicated by combinationof two PMIs (for example, i1 and i2). As a result, more exact PMI may befed back, and more exact CQI may be calculated and reported on the basisof the more exact PMI.

In the meantime, the CSI may periodically be transmitted through thePUCCH, or may periodically be transmitted through the PUSCH. Also,various report modes may be defined depending on which one of RI, firstPMI (for example, W1), second PMI (for example, W2) and CQI is fed backand whether PMI and/or CQI which is fed back is for wideband (WB) orsubband (SB).

CQI Calculation

Hereinafter, CQI calculation will be described in detail on theassumption that a downlink receiver is a user equipment. However, thedescription in the present invention may equally be applied to a relayas a downlink reception entity.

A method for configuring/defining a resource (hereinafter, referred toas reference resource), which becomes a reference of CQI calculation,when the user equipment reports CSI will be described. First of all,definition of CQI will be described in more detail.

The CQI reported by the user equipment corresponds to a specific indexvalue. The CQI index is a value indicating a modulation scheme, coderate, etc., which correspond to the channel status. For example, the CQIindexes and their definition may be given as illustrated in Table 3.

TABLE 3 CQI index modulation code rate × 1024 efficiency 0 out of range1 QPSK 78 0.1523 2 QPSK 120 0.2344 3 QPSK 193 0.3770 4 QPSK 308 0.6016 5QPSK 449 0.8770 6 QPSK 602 1.1758 7 16QAM 378 1.4766 8 16QAM 490 1.91419 16QAM 616 2.4063 10 64QAM 466 2.7305 11 64QAM 567 3.3223 12 64QAM 6663.9023 13 64QAM 772 4.5234 14 64QAM 873 5.1152 15 64QAM 948 5.5547

Based on observation which is not limited by time and frequency, theuser equipment may determine the highest CQI index, which satisfies apredetermined requirement of CQI indexes 1 to 15 of Table 3, for eachCQI value reported at an uplink subframe n. The predeterminedrequirement may be defined that a single PDSCH transmission block, whichreserves a group of downlink physical resource blocks referred to as CQIreference resources, may be received at a transmission block errorprobability that does not exceed 0.1 (that is, 10%), in accordance withcombination of a modulation scheme (for example, MCS) and a transmissionblock size (TBS), which correspond to the corresponding CQI index. Ifthe CQI index 1 does not satisfy the above requirement, the userequipment may determine CQI index 0.

In case of a transmission mode 9 (corresponding to maximum 8-layertransmission) and a feedback report mode, the user equipment may performchannel measurement for calculating a CQI value reported at an uplinksubframe n, on the basis of the CSI-RS only. In case of the othertransmission mode and corresponding report modes, the user equipment mayperform channel measurement for CQI calculation on the basis of the CRS.

If the following requirements are all satisfied, combination of themodulation scheme and the transmission block size may correspond to oneCQI index. The combination may be signaled for transmission on the PDSCHat the CQI reference resource in accordance with a related transmissionblock size table, the modulation scheme is indicated by thecorresponding CQI index, and if combination of the transmission blocksize and the modulation scheme is applied to the reference resource, avalid channel code rate closest to a code rate indicated by thecorresponding CQI index corresponds to the above requirement. If two ormore combinations of the transmission block size and the modulationscheme are close to the code rate indicated by the corresponding CQIindex at the same level, combination having the minimum transmissionblock size may be determined.

The CQI reference resource is defined as follows.

The CQI reference resource in the frequency domain is defined by a groupof downlink physical resource blocks corresponding to a band to whichthe obtained CQI value is related.

The CQI reference resource in the time domain is defined by singledownlink subframe n-nCQI_ref. In this case, in case of periodic CQIreport, nCQI_ref is determined as a value which enables the downlinksubframe n-nCQI_ref to correspond to a valid downlink subframe whilebeing the smallest of values greater than 4. In case of aperiodic CQIreport, nCQI_ref is determined as CQI reference resource which is thesame downlink subframe as a valid downlink subframe corresponding to CQIrequest (or subframe for which CQI request is received) at an uplink DCIformat (that is, PDCCH DCI format for providing uplink schedulingcontrol information to the user equipment). Also, in case of aperiodicCQI report, nCQI_ref is 4 and the downlink subframe n-nCQI_refcorresponds to the valid downlink subframe, wherein the downlinksubframe n-nCQI_ref may be received after the subframe corresponding toCQI request (or subframe for which CQI request is received) at a randomaccess response grant. In this case, the valid downlink subframe meansthe downlink subframe that is set to the downlink subframe for thecorresponding user equipment UE, is not the MBSFN subframe except thetransmission mode 9, does not include a DwPTS field if the length ofDwPTS is less than 7680*Ts (Ts=1/(15000×2048) second), and does notbelong to a measurement gap configured for the corresponding UE. Ifthere is no valid downlink subframe for the CQI reference resource, CQIreport may be omitted for the uplink subframe n.

The CQI reference resource in a layer region is defined as random RI andPMI based on CQI.

In order that the user equipment derives CQI index from the CQIreference resource, the followings may be assumed: (1) first three OFDMsymbols of the downlink subframe are used for control signaling; (2)there is no resource element used by a primary synchronization signal, asecondary synchronization signal or a physical broadcast channel; (3)the CQI reference resource has a CP length of non-MBSFN subframe; (4)redundancy version is 0; (5) if CSI-RS is used for channel measurement,a PDSCH EPRE to CSI-RS EPRE ratio has a predetermined value signaled bythe upper layer; (6) PDSCH transmission scheme (single antenna porttransmission, transmission diversity, spatial multiplexing, MU-MIMO,etc.) defined for each transmission mode is currently set for thecorresponding UE (default mode may be provided); and (7) if CRS is usedfor channel measurement, the PDSCH EPRE to CRS EPRE ratio may bedetermined depending on a predetermined rule. Details related to CQIdefinition may be understood with reference to 3GPP TS36.213.

In short, the downlink receiver (for example, user equipment) may set aprevious specific single subframe to the CQI reference resource based onthe time when CQI calculation is currently performed, and may calculateCQI value from the corresponding CQI reference resource to satisfy thecondition that error probability does not exceed 10% when the PDSCH istransmitted from the base station.

Codebook Based Precoding Scheme

Precoding for properly distributing transmission information inaccordance with a channel status of each antenna may be used to supportmulti-antenna transmission. A codebook based precoding scheme means thata transmitter and a receiver previously defines a set of precodingmatrixes, the receiver feeds the most suitable precoding matrix (thatis, precoding matrix index (PMI)) back to the transmitter by measuringchannel information from the transmitter, and the transmitter appliesproper precoding to signal transmission on the basis of PMI. Since thecodebook based precoding scheme selects a proper precoding matrix of theset of the precoding matrixes, although optimized precoding is alwaysnot used, feedback overhead may be reduced as compared with thatoptimized precoding information is explicitly fed back to actual channelinformation.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a basic concept of codebook basedprecoding.

According to the codebook based precoding scheme, the transmitter andthe receiver shares codebook information that includes a predeterminednumber of precoding matrixes which are previously determined inaccordance with a transmission rank, the number of antennas, etc. Inother words, if feedback information is finite, the precoding basedcodebook scheme may be used. The receiver may measure the channel statusthrough a received signal and feed information on infinite number ofpreferred precoding matrixes (that is, indexes of correspondingprecoding matrixes) back to the transmitter on the basis of theaforementioned codebook information. For example, the receiver mayselect an optimized precoding matrix by measuring the received signal inaccordance with a maximum likelihood (ML) scheme or a minimum meansquare error (MMSE) scheme. Although FIG. 10 illustrates that thereceiver transmits precoding matrix information per codeword to thetransmitter, the present invention is not limited to the example of FIG.10.

The transmitter that has received feedback information from the receivermay select a specific precoding matrix from the codebook on the basis ofthe received information. The transmitter that has selected theprecoding matrix may perform precoding in such a way to multiply layersignals equivalent to transmission ranks by the selected precodingmatrix, and may transmit the precoded signals through a plurality ofantennas. The transmitter may notify the receiver what precodinginformation applied to the transmitting signals is. The number of rowsin the precoding matrix is the same as the number of antennas, and thenumber of columns is the same as the rank value. Since the rank value isthe same as the number of layers, the number of columns is the same asthe number of layers. For example, if the number of transmittingantennas is 4 and the number of transmission layers is 2, the precodingmatrix may be configured as a 4×2 matrix. Information transmittedthrough each layer may be mapped into each antenna through the precodingmatrix.

The receiver that has received the signal precoded by and transmittedfrom the transmitter may perform inverse processing of precodingperformed by the transmitter and recover the received signals.Generally, since the precoding matrix satisfies a unitary matrix (U)condition such as U*U^(H)=I, the inverse processing of precoding may beperformed in such a manner that a Hermit matrix P^(H) of the precodingmatrix P used for precoding of the transmitter is multiplied by thereceived signals.

For example, the following Table 4 illustrates a codebook used fordownlink transmission that two transmitting antennas are used in the3GPP LTE release-8/9, and the following Table 5 illustrates a codebookused for downlink transmission that four transmitting antennas are usedin the 3GPP LTE release-8/9.

TABLE 4 Number of rank Codebook index 1 2 0$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\1\end{bmatrix}$ $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$ 1 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\{- 1}\end{bmatrix}$ $\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 \\1 & {- 1}\end{bmatrix}$ 2 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\j\end{bmatrix}$ $\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 \\j & {- j}\end{bmatrix}$ 3 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\{- j}\end{bmatrix}$ —

TABLE 5 Codebook Number of layers ν index u_(n) 1 2 3 4 0 u₀ = [1 −1 −1−1]^(T) W₀ ^({1}) W₀ ^({14})/{square root over (2)} W₀ ^({124})/{squareroot over (3)} W₀ ^({1234})/2 1 u₁ = [1 −j 1 j]^(T) W₁ ^({1}) W₁^({12})/{square root over (2)} W₁ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁^({1234})/2 2 u₂ = [1 1 −1 1]^(T) W₂ ^({1}) W₂ ^({12})/{square root over(2)} W₂ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₂ ^({3214})/2 3 u₃ = [1 j 1−j]^(T) W₃ ^({1}) W₃ ^({12})/{square root over (2)} W₃ ^({123})/{squareroot over (3)} W₃ ^({3214})/2 4 u₄ = [1 (−1 − j)/{square root over (2)}−j (1 − j)/{square root over (2)}]^(T) W₄ ^({1}) W₄ ^({14})/{square rootover (2)} W₄ ^({124})/{square root over (3)} W₄ ^({1234})/2 5 u₅ = [1 (1− j)/{square root over (2)} j (−1 − j)/{square root over (2)}]^(T) W₅^({1}) W₅ ^({14})/{square root over (2)} W₅ ^({124})/{square root over(3)} W₅ ^({1234})/2 6 u₆ = [1 (1 + j)/{square root over (2)} −j (−1 +j)/{square root over (2)}]^(T) W₆ ^({1}) W₆ ^({13})/{square root over(2)} W₆ ^({134})/{square root over (3)} W₆ ^({1324})/2 7 u₇ = [1 (−1 +j)/{square root over (2)} j (1 + j)/{square root over (2)}]^(T) W₇^({1}) W₇ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₇ ^({134})/{square root over(3)} W₇ ^({1324})/2 8 u₈ = [1 −1 1 1]^(T) W₈ ^({1}) W₈ ^({12})/{squareroot over (2)} W₈ ^({124})/{square root over (3)} W₈ ^({1234})/2 9 u₉ =[1 −j −1 −j]^(T) W₉ ^({1}) W₉ ^({14})/{square root over (2)} W₉^({134})/{square root over (3)} W₉ ^({1234})/2 10 u₁₀ = [1 1 1 −1]^(T)W₁₀ ^({1}) W₁₀ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₁₀ ^({123})/{square rootover (3)} W₁₀ ^({1324})/2 11 u₁₁ = [1 j −1 j]^(T) W₁₁ ^({1}) W₁₁^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₁₁ ^({134})/{square root over (3)} W₁₁^({1324})/2 12 u₁₂ = [1 −1 −1 1]^(T) W₁₂ ^({1}) W₁₂ ^({12})/{square rootover (2)} W₁₂ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁₂ ^({1234})/2 13 u₁₃ =[1 −1 1 −1]^(T) W₁₃ ^({1}) W₁₃ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₁₃^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁₃ ^({1324})/2 14 u₁₄ = [1 1 −1 −1]^(T)W₁₄ ^({1}) W₁₄ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₁₄ ^({123})/{square rootover (3)} W₁₄ ^({3214})/2 15 u₁₅ = [1 1 1 1]^(T) W₁₅ ^({1}) W₁₅^({12})/{square root over (2)} W₁₅ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁₅^({1234})/2

In Table 5, W_(n) ^({s}) is obtained by a set {s} configured fromEquation expressed as W_(n)=I−2u_(n)u_(n) ^(H)/u_(n) ^(H)u_(n). In thiscase, I represents a 4×4 single matrix, and u_(n) is a value given byTable 5.

As illustrated in Table 4, a codebook for two transmitting antennas hasa total of seven precoding vectors/matrixes. In this case, since thesingle matrix is intended for the open-loop system, a total of sixprecoding vectors/matrixes are obtained for precoding of the closed-loopsystem. Also, a codebook for four transmitting antennas as illustratedin Table 5 has a total of sixty-four precoding vectors/matrixes.

Additionally, in the system (for example, 3GPP LTE release-10 oradvanced system) that supports extended antenna configuration, forexample, MIMO transmission based on eight transmitting antennas may beperformed. A codebook design for supporting MIMO transmission isrequired.

For CSI report for the channel transmitted through eight antenna ports,it may be considered that codebooks as illustrated in Table 6 to Table13 are used. Eight CSI-RS antenna ports may be expressed as antenna portindexes 15 to 22. Each of Tables 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13illustrates an example of a codebook for 1-layer, 2-layer, 3-layer,4-layer, 5-layer, 6-layer, 7-layer, and 8-layer CSI reports based on theantenna ports 15 to 22.

In Table 6 to Table 13, φ_(n) and v_(m) may be given by the followingEquation 13.

φ_(n) =e ^(jπn/2)

v _(m)=[1e ^(j2πm/32) e ^(j4πm/32) e ^(j6πm/32)]^(T)  [equation 13]

TABLE 6 i₂ i₁ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0-15 W_(2i) ₁ _(,0) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(,1) ⁽¹⁾W_(2i) ₁ _(,2) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(,3) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+1,0) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁_(+1,1) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+1,2) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+1,3) ⁽¹⁾ i₂ i₁ 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 0-15 W_(2i) ₁ _(+2,0) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+2,1) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+2,2)⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+2,3) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+3,0) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+3,1) ⁽¹⁾W_(2i) ₁ _(+3,2) ⁽¹⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+3,3) ⁽¹⁾${{where}\mspace{14mu} W_{m,n}^{(1)}} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}\begin{bmatrix}v_{m} \\{\phi_{n}v_{m}}\end{bmatrix}}$

TABLE 7 i₂ i₁ 0 1 2 3 0-15 W_(2i) ₁ _(,2i) ₁ _(,0) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(,2i) ₁_(,1) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+1,2i) ₁ _(+1,0) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+1,2i) ₁ _(+1,1)⁽²⁾ i₂ i₁ 4 5 6 7 0-15 W_(2i) ₁ _(+2,2i) ₁ _(+2,0) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+2,2i)₁ _(+2,1) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+3,2i) ₁ _(+3,0) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+3,2i) ₁_(+3,1) ⁽²⁾ i₂ i₁ 8 9 10 11 0-15 W_(2i) ₁ _(,2i) ₁ _(+1,0) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁_(,2i) ₁ _(+1,1) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+1,2i) ₁ _(+2,0) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+1,2i) ₁_(+2,1) ⁽²⁾ i₂ i₁ 12 13 14 15 0-15 W_(2i) ₁ _(,2i) ₁ _(+3,0) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i)₁ _(,2i) ₁ _(+3,1) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+1,2i) ₁ _(+3,0) ⁽²⁾ W_(2i) ₁ _(+1,2i)₁ _(+3,1) ⁽²⁾${{where}\mspace{14mu} W_{m,m^{\prime},n}^{(2)}} = {\frac{1}{4}\begin{bmatrix}v_{m} & v_{m^{\prime}} \\{\phi_{n}v_{m}} & {{- \phi_{n}}v_{m^{\prime}}}\end{bmatrix}}$

TABLE 8 i₂ i₁ 0 1 2 3 0-3 W_(8i) ₁ _(,8i) ₁ _(,8i) ₁ ₊₈ ⁽³⁾ W_(8i) ₁_(+8,8i) ₁ _(,8i) ₁ ₊₈ ⁽³⁾ {tilde over (W)}_(8i) ₁ _(,8i) ₁ _(+8,8i) ₁₊₈ ⁽³⁾ {tilde over (W)}_(8i) ₁ _(+8,8i) ₁ _(,8i) ₁ ⁽³⁾ i₂ i₁ 4 5 6 7 0-3W_(8i) ₁ _(+2,8i) ₁ _(+2,4i) ₁ ₊₁₀ ⁽³⁾ W_(8i) ₁ _(+10,8i) ₁ _(+2,8i) ₁₊₁₀ ⁽³⁾ {tilde over (W)}_(8i) ₁ _(+2,8i) ₁ _(+10,8i) ₁ ₊₁₀ ⁽³⁾ {tildeover (W)}_(8i) ₁ _(+10,8i) ₁ _(+2,8i) ₁ ₊₂ ⁽³⁾ i₂ i₁ 8 9 10 11 0-3W_(8i) ₁ _(+4,8i) ₁ _(+4,8i) ₁ ₊₁₂ ⁽³⁾ W_(8i) ₁ _(+12,8i) ₁ _(+4,8i) ₁₊₁₂ ⁽³⁾ {tilde over (W)}_(8i) ₁ _(+4,8i) ₁ _(+12,8i) ₁ ₊₁₂ ⁽³⁾ {tildeover (W)}_(8i) ₁ _(+12,8i) ₁ _(+4,8i) ₁ ₊₄ ⁽³⁾ i₂ i₁ 12 13 14 15 0-3W_(8i) ₁ _(+6,8i) ₁ _(+6,8i) ₁ ₊₁₄ ⁽³⁾ W_(8i) ₁ _(+14,8i) ₁ _(+6,8i) ₁₊₁₄ ⁽³⁾ {tilde over (W)}_(8i) ₁ _(+6,8i) ₁ _(+14,8i) ₁ ₊₁₄ ⁽³⁾ {tildeover (W)}_(8i) ₁ _(+14,8i) ₁ _(+6,8i) ₁ ₊₆ ⁽³⁾${{{where}\mspace{14mu} W_{m,m^{\prime},m^{''}}^{(3)}} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{24}}\begin{bmatrix}v_{m} & v_{m^{\prime}} & v_{m^{''}} \\v_{m} & {- v_{m^{\prime}}} & {- v_{m^{''}}}\end{bmatrix}}},{{\overset{\sim}{W}}_{m,m^{\prime},m^{''}}^{(3)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{24}}\begin{bmatrix}v_{m} & v_{m^{\prime}} & v_{m^{''}} \\v_{m} & v_{m^{\prime}} & {- v_{m^{''}}}\end{bmatrix}}}$

TABLE 9 i₂ i₁ 0 1 2 3 0-3 W_(8i) ₁ _(,8i) ₁ _(+8,0) ⁽⁴⁾ W_(8i) ₁ _(,8i)₁ _(+8,1) ⁽⁴⁾ W_(8i) ₁ _(+2,8i) ₁ _(+10,0) ⁽⁴⁾ W_(8i) ₁ _(+2,8i) ₁_(+10,1) ⁽⁴⁾ i₂ i₁ 4 5 6 7 0-3 W_(8i) ₁ _(+4,8i) ₁ _(+12,0) ⁽⁴⁾ W_(8i) ₁_(+4,8i) ₁ _(+12,1) ⁽⁴⁾ W_(8i) ₁ _(+6,8i) ₁ _(+14,0) ⁽⁴⁾ W_(8i) ₁_(+6,8i) ₁ _(+14,1) ⁽⁴⁾${{where}\mspace{14mu} W_{m,m^{\prime},n}^{(4)}} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{32}}\begin{bmatrix}v_{m} & v_{m^{\prime}} & v_{m} & v_{m^{\prime}} \\{\phi_{n}v_{m}} & {\phi_{n}v_{m^{\prime}}} & {{- \phi_{n}}v_{m}} & {{- \phi_{n}}v_{m^{\prime}}}\end{bmatrix}}$

TABLE 10 i₂ i₁ 0 0-3$W_{i_{1}}^{(5)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{40}}\begin{bmatrix}v_{2i_{1}} & v_{2i_{1}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} \\v_{2i_{1}} & {- v_{2i_{1}}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & {- v_{{2i_{1}} + 8}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16}\end{bmatrix}}$

TABLE 11 i₂ i₁ 0 0-3$W_{i_{1}}^{(6)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{48}}\begin{bmatrix}v_{2i_{1}} & v_{2i_{1}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} \\v_{2i_{1}} & {- v_{2i_{1}}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & {- v_{{2i_{1}} + 8}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} & {- v_{{2i_{1}} + 16}}\end{bmatrix}}$

TABLE 12 i₂ i₁ 0 0-3$W_{i_{1}}^{(7)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{56}}\begin{bmatrix}v_{2i_{1}} & v_{2i_{1}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 24} \\v_{2i_{1}} & {- v_{2i_{1}}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & {- v_{{2i_{1}} + 8}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} & {- v_{{2i_{1}} + 16}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 24}\end{bmatrix}}$

TABLE 13 i₂ i₁ 0 0 $W_{i_{1}}^{(8)} = {\frac{1}{8}\begin{bmatrix}v_{2i_{1}} & v_{2i_{1}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 24} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 24} \\v_{2i_{1}} & {- v_{2i_{1}}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 8} & {- v_{{2i_{1}} + 8}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 16} & {- v_{{2i_{1}} + 16}} & v_{{2i_{1}} + 24} & {- v_{{2i_{1}} + 24}}\end{bmatrix}}$

Multi-Antenna Array

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating examples for configuring 8 transmitantennas.

FIG. 11( a) illustrates a case in which N antennas configure independentchannels without grouping, which is generally called a uniform lineararray (ULA).

FIG. 11( b) illustrates a ULA-type antenna configuration in which 2antennas form a pair (i.e., paired ULA). In this case, 2 paired antennasmay have channels associated with each other and independent from otherpairs of antennas.

When a large number of transmit antennas should be placed in aninsufficient space, the ULA antenna configurations illustrated in FIGS.11( a) and 11(b) may not be appropriate. Accordingly, a dual-polarized(or cross-polarized) antenna configuration may be applied as illustratedin FIG. 11( c). In this transmit antenna configuration, since antennacorrelations can be reduced to configure independent channels even whenthe distance d between antennas is relatively small, high datathroughput is achieved.

In FIG. 11( c), when a total of N_(T) transmit antennas are placed,group 1 of antennas indexed 1, 2, . . . , N_(T)/2 may be configured tohave a polarity orthogonal to that of group 2 of antennas indexedN_(T)/2+1, N_(T)/2+2, . . . , N_(T). The antennas of antenna group 1 mayhave an equal polarity (e.g., vertical polarity), and the antennas ofantenna group 2 may have another equal polarity (e.g., horizontalpolarity). In addition, the two antenna groups are co-located. Forexample, antennas 1 and N_(T)/2+1, antennas 2 and N_(T)/2+2, antennas 3and N_(T)/2+3, . . . , antennas N_(T)/2 and N_(T) may be co-located. Inother words, antennas of one antenna group have the same polarity as ina uniform linear array (ULA), and the correlations among antennas of oneantenna group have linear phase increment characteristics. In addition,the correlations among antenna groups have phase rotationcharacteristics.

1D Antenna Structure

A 1D antenna array may include a ULA or cross-polarized antenna arrayconfiguration as illustrated in FIG. 11. When this 1D antenna array isused, the above-described RS transmission and CSI feedback schemes areapplied. That is, in downlink transmission, to estimate a channelbetween a transmitter and a receiver (or between an eNB and a UE), thetransmitter may transmit a reference signal (e.g., CRS or CSI-RS) to thereceiver, and the receiver may estimate a channel state based on thereference signal. The receiver may calculate a rank and a precodingweight predicted to be appropriate for downlink data transmission, and aCQI based on the predicted rank and the precoding weight, using channelinformation acquired from the reference signal.

Precoding information is required for MIMO transmission, e.g., precodedspatial multiplexing, the precoding weight may be configured in the formof a codebook.

For example, CSI feedback for precoded spatial multiplexing (SM) usingCRS in a MIMO system using 4 transmit antennas (hereinafter referred toas 4Tx) can be described as given below. When an eNB having 4 transmitantennas transmits CRS, if antenna ports (APs) mapped to RS signals areindexed AP0, AP1, AP2, and AP3, a UE may estimate a channel from AP0,AP1, AP2, and AP3 using the CRS.

In this case, if a matrix (or vector) for expressing the channelestimated by the UE is H, H may be expressed as H=[H₁₁ H₁₂ H₁₃ H₁₄; H₂₁H₂₂ H₂₃ H₂₄; . . . ; H_(Nr1) H_(Nr2) H_(Nr3) H_(Nr4)]. That is, H may beexpressed using a matrix (or vector) having a size of Nr×Nt. Herein, Nris the number of receive antennas, and Nt is the number of transmitantennas.

Furthermore, the UE may assume that the eNB transmits data using aprecoding weight matrix (or vector) W_(m)(k). In W_(m)(k), m denotes atransmission rank, and k denotes the index of a precoding weight matrix(or vector) defined for Rank-m. W_(m)(k) may be expressed asW_(m)(k)=[W₁₁ W₁₂ W₁₃ . . . W_(1m); W₂₁ W₂₂ W₂₃ . . . W_(2m); W₃₁ W₃₂W₃₃ . . . W_(3m); . . . ; W₄₁ W₄₂ W₄₃ . . . W_(4m)]. That is, W_(m)(k)may be expressed as a matrix (or vector) having a size of Nt×m.

In addition, the UE may calculate an equivalent channel H_(eq). Theequivalent channel H_(eq) may be calculated by multiplying the estimatedchannel H by the precoding weight W_(m)(k) (i.e., H_(eq)=HW_(m)(k)), orby multiplying a covariance matrix R of the estimated channel H by theprecoding weight W_(m)(k) (i.e., H_(eq)=RW_(m)(k)). Based on theequivalent channel H_(eq), the UE may select a rank and a precodingweight appropriate for downlink transmission. In addition, the UE maycalculate a CQI predicted when the selected rank and the precodingweight are applied.

As another example, CSI feedback for precoded spatial multiplexing (SM)using CSI-RS in a MIMO system using 8 transmit antennas (hereinafterreferred to as 8Tx) can be described as given below. When an eNB having8 transmit antennas transmits CSI-RS, if antenna ports (APs) mapped toRS signals are indexed AP15, AP16, AP17, AP18, AP19, AP20, AP21, andAP22, a UE may estimate a channel from AP15, AP16, AP17, AP18, AP19,AP20, AP21, and AP22 using the CSI-RS.

In this case, if a matrix (or vector) for expressing the channelestimated by the UE is H, H may be expressed as H=[H₁₁ H₁₂ H₁₃ H₁₄ H₁₅H₁₆ H₁₇ H₁₈; H₂₁ H₂₂ H₂₃ H₂₄ H₂₅ H₂₆ H₂₇ H₂₈; . . . ; H_(Nr1) H_(Nr2)H_(Nr3) H_(Nr4) H_(Nr5) H_(Nr6) H_(Nr7) H_(Nr8)] (where Nr denotes thenumber of receive antennas).

Furthermore, the UE may assume that the eNB transmits data using aprecoding weight matrix (or vector) W_(m)(k), and W_(m)(k) may beexpressed as W_(m)(k)=[W₁₁ W₁₂ W₁₃ . . . W_(1m); W₂₁ W₂₂ W₂₃ . . .W_(2m); W₃₁ W₃₂ W₃₃ . . . W_(3m); . . . ; W₈₁ W₈₂ W₈₃ . . . W_(8m)].

In addition, the UE may select a rank and a precoding weight appropriatefor downlink transmission based on an equivalent channel H_(eq)(calculated as H_(eq)=HW_(m)(k) or H_(eq)=RW_(m)(k)), and calculate aCQI predicted when the selected rank and the precoding weight areapplied.

As such, in a MIMO system supporting Nt transmit antennas, the UE mayfeedback CSI (e.g., RI, PMI, CQI) selected/calculated using CRS orCSI-RS as described above, to the eNB. The eNB may determine a rank, aprecoding weight, a modulation and coding scheme, etc. in considerationof the CSI reported by the UE.

2D Antenna Structure

Since beams formed by a 1D antenna structure such as a legacy ULA arespecified only in an azimuth angle direction (e.g., the horizontaldomain) and cannot be specified in an elevation angle direction (e.g.,the vertical domain), only 2D beamforming is supported. This 1D antennastructure (e.g., a ULA or cross-polarized array configuration) cansupport adaptive beamforming or spatial multiplexing of the azimuthangle direction, and only a MIMO transmission/reception scheme thereforis designed for a legacy wireless communication system (e.g., a 3GPP LTERelease-8, 9, 10, or 11 system).

Meanwhile, when a MIMO transmission/reception scheme based on a 2Dantenna structure aimed to improve system performance is supported,since beams formed by the 2D antenna structure can be specified in theazimuth angle direction and the elevation angle direction, 3Dbeamforming is enabled.

If the beams are formed by specifying the azimuth angle and theelevation angle as described above, new beamforming schemes such assector-specific elevation beamforming (e.g., adaptive control over thevertical pattern beamwidth and/or downtilt), advanced sectorization inthe vertical domain, and user (or UE)-specific elevation beamforming maybe supported.

Vertical sectorization may increase average system performance due to again of a vertical sector pattern, and is not generally required tosupport any additional standard technology.

UE-specific elevation beamforming may improve an SINR for acorresponding UE by designating a vertical antenna pattern toward theUE. On the other hand, unlike vertical sectorization or sector-specificvertical beamforming, UE-specific elevation beamforming is required tosupport an additional standard technology. For example, to appropriatelysupport the 2-D port structure, a CSI measurement and feedback method ofthe UE for UE-specific elevation beamforming is required.

A DL MIMO enhancement scheme is required to support UE-specificelevation beamforming. The DL MIMO enhancement scheme may include, forexample, enhancement of CSI feedback of the UE (e.g., new codebookdesign, codebook selection/update/modification support, and CSI payloadsize minimization), CSI-RS configuration modification for UE-specificelevation beamforming, additional antenna port definition forUE-specific elevation beamforming, downlink control enhancement forsupporting UE-specific elevation beamforming (e.g., a scheme forensuring common channel coverage and/or radio resource management (RRM)measurement reliability when the number of antenna ports is increased),etc.

In addition, when enhanced DL MIMO operation is designed, variousfactors such as eNB antenna calibration errors (errors in phase andtime), estimation errors, downlink overhead, complexity, feedbackoverhead, backward compatibility, practical UE implementation, reuse ofexisting feedback framework, and subband versus wideband feedback can beconsidered.

FIG. 12 is a diagram for describing the structure of a general activeantenna array system (AAS).

The structure of an active antenna array system (AAS) may be logicallyexpressed as 3 main functional blocks. These blocks may include atransceiver unit array (TXRUA), a radio distribution network (RDN), andan antenna array (AA). TXRU units interface with an eNodeB, and mayprovide reception input for baseband processing of the eNB or receivetransmission output based on baseband processing of the eNB.

Specifically, the TXRUA may include a plurality of transmit units and aplurality of receive units. The transmit units may receive basebandinput from the AAS eNB and provide radio frequency (RF) transmissionoutput, and the RF transmission output may be distributed over the AAthrough the RDN. The receive units may receive distributed RF receptioninput from the AA through the RDN and provide the same as output forbaseband processing.

That is, the AAS may be defined as an eNB system for combining an AA andan active TXRUA. In addition, the AAS may include an RDN which is apassive network for physically separating the active TXRUA from the AA,and defines mapping between the TXRUA and the AA. For example, the RDNmay convert K transmission outputs from the TXRUA into L outputsdirected to the AA. Alternatively, the RDN may convert L receptioninputs from the AA into K inputs directed to the TXRUA.

In addition, the transmit units and the receive units may be separatefrom each other, and mapping of antenna elements may be defineddifferently for the transmit units and the receive units.

The eNB system including the AAS may be assumed to support transmitdiversity, beamforming, spatial multiplexing, or any combinationthereof.

FIG. 13 is a diagram for describing the structure of a 2-D antennaarray.

FIG. 13( a) illustrates an M×N antenna array, and antenna elementsthereof may be indexed from (0, 0) to (M−1, N−1). In the antenna arrayof FIG. 13( a), one column or one row may be regarded as beingconfigured as a ULA.

FIG. 13( b) illustrates an M×(N/2) antenna array, and antenna elementsthereof may be indexed from (0, 0) to (M−1, N/2−1). In the antenna arrayof FIG. 13( b), one column or one row may be regarded as beingconfigured as a pair of cross-polarized arrays.

FIG. 14 is a diagram for geometrically describing an AAS.

FIG. 14 illustrates a 3D space (i.e., a space defined by x, y, and zaxes) for describing an array factor having a plurality of columnsformed by a uniform rectangular array (URA) antenna structure. Herein,it is assumed that N_(H) antenna elements are present in a horizontaldirection (or a y axis direction) and N_(V) antenna elements are presentin a vertical direction (or a z axis direction) on the yz plane. Inaddition, the distance between antenna elements in the horizontaldirection is defined as d_(H), and the distance between antenna elementsin the vertical direction is defined as d_(V).

The direction of a signal applied to an antenna array element isexpressed as u. An elevation angle of the signal direction is expressedas θ, and an azimuth angle of the signal direction is expressed as φ.

FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing a definition of angle directions.

As illustrated in FIG. 15( a), the elevation angle θ is defined as avalue between 90° and −90°. A value close to 90° indicates an angledirected downward (or to the ground surface), a value close to −90°indicates an angle directed upward, and 0° is a value indicating adirection perpendicular to an antenna array element. In addition, asillustrated in FIG. 15( b), the azimuth angle φ may be defined as avalue between 0° and 180°.

Alternatively, based on a reference value, the elevation angle θ of thesignal direction may be defined as a value between 0° and 180°. In thiscase, a value close to 0° indicates an angle directed downward (or tothe ground surface), a value close to 180° indicates an angle directedupward, and 90° is a value indicating a direction perpendicular to anantenna array element. In addition, the azimuth angle φ may be definedas a value between −180° and 180°.

The RDN may give a complex weight to a signal from each port, distributethe same to a sub-array, and control a side lobe level and a tilt anglethereof. The complex weight may include an amplitude weight and a phaseshift. A complex weight w_(m,n) on an antenna element (m, n) may be asgiven by Equation 14.

w _(m,n) =|w _(m,n)|,exp(−j2πλ₀ ⁻¹( φ _(etilt) · r _(m,n))),(m,n)εS_(p)  [Equation 14]

In Equation 14, m=0, 1, . . . , N_(H) or m=1, 2, . . . , N_(H), and n=0,1, . . . , N_(V) or n=1, 2, . . . , N_(V). S_(p) is a set of antennaelements of a sub-array associated with an antenna port p. |w_(m,n)| isan amplitude weight given to the antenna element (m, n). λ₀ denotes awavelength on free space. r _(m,n) is an element location vector and isdefined as given by Equation 15. φ _(etilt) is a unit directional vectorand is defined as given by Equation 16.

r _(m,n)=[0n·d _(H) m·d _(V)]^(T)  [Equation 15]

As shown in Equation 15, the meaning of r _(m,n) may be the distance ofthe antenna element (m, n) from the point of origin.

φ _(etilt)=[cos θ_(etilt) cos φ_(escan) cos θ_(etilt) sin φ_(escan) sinθ_(etilt)]^(T)  [Equation 16]

In Equation 16, θ_(etilt) corresponds to a vertical steering angle or anelevation angle, and φ_(escan) corresponds to a horizontal steeringangle or an azimuth angle. That is, Equation 16 may express a beamdirection as an angle in 3D space. In this regard, beamforming may be ascheme for adjusting the directions of beams formed from an antennaarray, to a specific angle by equally compensating for a phasedifference experienced by each antenna.

An antenna pattern A_(p), which refers to a radiation pattern for theantenna port p, may be as given by Equation 17. The radiation patternmay be the shape of a beam formed by the antenna port p. For example,the beam may have a thin shape focused toward a certain location, or athick shape proceeding toward a certain range.

$\begin{matrix}{{A_{p}\left( {\theta,\phi} \right)} = {{A_{E}\left( {\theta,\phi} \right)} + {10\; {\log_{10}\left( {{\sum\limits_{{({m,n})} \in S_{p}}\; {w_{m,n} \cdot v_{m,n}}}}^{2} \right)}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 17} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 17, A_(E) (φ, θ) denotes a composite array element patternin dB, and may follow the definition of an element pattern of Table 14(reference can be made to, for example, Technical Report (TR) 37.840 forthe values of parameters (e.g., the number of radiation elements percolumn, the number of columns, and the maximum array gain in one column)necessary to apply the element pattern of Table 14).

TABLE 14 Horizontal radiation pattern in dB${A_{E,H}(\phi)} = {{- {\min \left\lbrack {{12\left( \frac{\phi}{\phi_{3d\; B}} \right)^{2}},A_{m}} \right\rbrack}}{dB}}$Front to back ratio A_(m) = 30 dB Vertical radiation pattern in dB${A_{E,V}(\theta)} = {- {\min \left\lbrack {{12\left( \frac{\theta}{\theta_{3d\; B}} \right)^{2}},{SLA}_{v}} \right\rbrack}}$Side lobe lower level SLA_(v) = 30 dB Element pattern A_(E) (φ,θ) =G_(E,max) − min{−[A_(E,H) (φ) + A_(E,V) (θ)], A_(m)} Element GainG_(E,max) = 8 dBi

In Equation 17, v_(m,n) is a phase shift factor due to array placementand is given by Equation 18.

v _(m,n)=exp(j2πλ₀ ⁻¹( φ· r _(m,n))),(m,n)εS _(p)  [Equation 18]

In Equation 18, φ is given by Equation 19.

φ=[cos θ cos φ cos θ sin φ sin θ]^(T)  [Equation 19]

In addition, the maximum antenna gain of the AAS should be defined as asum of the passive maximum antenna gain and losses of a cable network.

A description is now given of the planar array antenna (or URA)configuration with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the planar antenna arrayconfiguration, and FIG. 17 is a diagram for describing anotherdefinition of angle directions.

Although 2-D placement of the antenna element (m, n) is considered inFIG. 14, 2-D placement of an antenna element (n, m) is assumed in FIG.16.

In addition, although the elevation angle 9 is defined as a valuebetween −90° and 90° (in this case, 0° is a value indicating a directionperpendicular to an antenna array element and the azimuth angle φ isdefined as a value between 0° and 180° in FIG. 15), the angle of thesignal direction may be defined by varying a reference value in FIG. 17.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 17( a), the elevation angle θ isdefined as a value between −90° and 90°, a value close to −90° indicatesan angle directed downward (or to the ground surface), a value close to90° indicates an angle directed upward, and 0° is a value indicating adirection perpendicular to an antenna array element. In addition, asillustrated in FIG. 17( b), the azimuth angle φ may be defined as avalue between −90° and 90°.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating examples of beamforming based on a 2-Dantenna configuration.

FIG. 18( a) illustrates vertical sectorization based on 3D beamforming,and FIG. 18( b) illustrates vertical beamforming based on 3D beamformingSpecifically, as illustrated in FIG. 18( a), when elevation anglebeamforming is enabled, sectorization of the vertical domain is enabledand horizontal beamforming may be performed based on an azimuth angle ineach vertical sector. Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 18( b), whenelevation angle beamforming is used, a high-quality signal may betransmitted to users located higher than the antenna of an eNB.

FIG. 19 is a diagram for describing examples of vertical beamforming.

Buildings of various heights are distributed in a city. In general, aneNB antenna is located on the roof of a building, and the buildinghaving the antenna may be shorter or taller than peripheral buildings.

FIG. 19( a) illustrates an example of beamforming considering peripheralbuildings taller than a building having an eNB antenna. In this case,since no obstacles are present between the eNB antenna and peripheraltall buildings, spatial channels having a strong line of sight (LOS)component may be generated. In addition, for beamforming directed to thetall buildings, adaptive beamforming based on the heights of buildingsmay be a significant factor compared to adaptive beamforming in ahorizontal direction inside a building.

FIG. 19( b) illustrates an example of beamforming considering peripheralbuildings shorter than a building having an eNB antenna. In this case, asignal transmitted from the eNB antenna may be refracted by the roof ofanother building or reflected by another building, the ground surface,or the like, and thus spatial channels including a plurality of non-lineof sight (NLOS) components may be generated. Accordingly, when a signalis transmitted from the eNB to a user using vertical beamformingdirected downward (or to the ground surface), a spatial channel havingvarious paths expressible by the elevation angle and the azimuth anglemay be generated in a specific space (particularly, a location coveredby a building).

Method for Designing Precoding Codebook Supporting 2-D Antenna Structure

The present invention proposes a method for designing a precodingcodebook correctly and efficiently supporting a scheme such asUE-specific elevation beamforming or vertical sectorization enabledbased on a 2-D antenna structure.

In a legacy system, the directions of beams are vertically fixed (i.e.,the vertical directions of beams cannot be selected/adjusted), andbeamforming can be performed only in a horizontal direction. To receiveCSI including PMI, etc. reported from the UE and to determine the mostappropriate horizontal beamforming, the eNB may signal a CSI-RSconfiguration to the UE and transmit a CSI-RS based on the CSI-RSconfiguration to the UE. Signaling of the CSI-RS configuration meansthat one or more information items (e.g., CSI-RS port, CSI-RStransmission timing, CSI-RS transmission RE location, etc.) included inthe CSI-RS-Config IE of Table 2 are provided.

For 3D beamforming, vertical beamforming (or, vertical beam selection)is necessary in addition to existing horizontal beamforming, and aspecific method thereof is not yet defined.

To describe the basic principle of the present invention, a 2-D URA (orUPA) may be assumed to be a combination of a ULA of a first domain(e.g., the horizontal domain) and a ULA of a second domain (e.g., thevertical domain). For example, a 3D beam may be formed by determining anelevation angle in the vertical domain and then determining an azimuthangle in the horizontal domain, or by determining the azimuth angle inthe horizontal domain and then determining the elevation angle in thevertical domain. Selection of a ULA of one of the first and seconddomains in the 2-D antenna structure as described above may be referredto as regional selection or domain selection. As described above,horizontal beamforming (or azimuth angle direction beamforming) may beperformed together with vertical beamforming (or elevation angledirection beamforming) in the 2-D antenna structure.

According to the legacy system, a precoding codebook designed forbeamforming in a horizontal direction may be designed to divide the fullrange of an azimuth angle into equal periods or to form an arbitrarybeam direction. For example, according to a codebook designed based ondiscrete Fourier transform (DFT), a phase is determined in the form ofe^(j2πnk/N). Herein, 2π/N means that the phase is divided into equalperiods. Alternatively, an arbitrary beam direction means that thecodebook is designed to have an arbitrary phase value. As describedabove, one of element(s) included in a predetermined codebookcorresponds to a specific precoding matrix or a specific beam direction,and the UE may report a beam direction preferred by the UE, to the eNBby feeding back information (e.g., PMI) indicating a specific element ofthe codebook, to the eNB.

To efficiently support 2-D antenna transmission, the UE should also beable to report a PMI for vertical beamforming to the eNB, and thus acodebook usable for vertical beamforming needs to be designed. When thecodebook for vertical beamforming is designed, the legacy codebookdesign scheme for dividing the azimuth angle into equal periods is notefficient because vertical direction beams are mostly formed downwardfrom the antenna as illustrated in FIG. 18 or FIG. 19 and thus includingelements corresponding to the most used beam directions in codewords isefficient in designing the codebook. If the scheme for dividing theelevation angle into equal periods is used to design the codebook usedfor vertical beamforming, since the number of beam directionsexpressible by the codebook is restrictive but beamforming weightshaving little possibility of use can be included in codebook elements,unnecessary calculation may be increased when an appropriate beamformingweight is calculated within the codebook, or an inappropriate codebookelement incapable of expressing a beam direction preferred by the UE maybe selected/determined. Accordingly, the present invention proposes acodebook design method capable of solving the above problem.

In addition, according to various embodiments proposed by the presentinvention, it should be understood that the definition of angledirections follows the definition of the angle directions describedabove in relation to FIG. 15. However, the scope of the presentinvention is not limited thereto and the principle of the presentinvention is equally applicable to other definitions of the angledirections by changing the values of angle.

Implementation 1

Implementation 1 relates to a method for configuring a feedback codebookfor precoding as a precoding matrix (or a precoding vector) supportingaccurate and efficient 3D beamforming in consideration of therelationship between vertical beamforming and horizontal beamforming. Inaddition, Implementation 1 proposes a method for configuring a codebookto form a beam of a specific angle range in an elevation angledirection. For example, this principle is applicable to a case in whicha vertical beamforming weight is expressed based on a direction ofarrival (DoA), a case in which vertical beamforming weight is expressedbased on DFT, etc. Furthermore, this principle is also applicable to ahorizontal beamforming weight vector.

Embodiment 1

If an elevation angle of 0° is a value indicating a directionperpendicular to an antenna array, a codebook for vertical beamformingmay include a weight vector capable of forming a beam having anelevation angle within a range of −90° to 90°.

Embodiment 1-1

A vertical beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 20 based on DoA.

W _(V) =e ^(j·2π·m·d) ^(v) ^(sin(θ)/λ) /√{square root over(M)}  [Equation 20]

In Equation 20, Wv denotes a vertical beamforming weight vector. Mdenotes the number of antennas in the vertical domain, m denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the vertical domain (e.g., m=0,1, . . . , M−1), and dv denotes the distance between antennas in thevertical domain. λ denotes a wavelength, and θ denotes an elevationangle.

If the elevation angle has a value within a range of −90° to 90°, therange of the variable θ of the weight vector is −90°≦θ≦90°, and thussin(0) has a value within a range of −1≦sin(θ)≦1.

Embodiment 1-2

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 21 based on DoA.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·d) ^(h) ^(·cos(θ)·sin(φ)/λ) /√{square root over(N)}  [Equation 21]

In Equation 21, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, n denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain (e.g.,n=0, 1, . . . , N−1), and dh denotes the distance between antennas inthe horizontal domain. λ denotes a wavelength, θ denotes an elevationangle, and ψ denotes an azimuth angle.

If the elevation angle has a value within a range of −90° to 90°, therange of the variable θ of the weight vector is −90°≦θ≦90°, and thuscos(θ) has a value within a range of 0≦cos(θ)≦1.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), the range of the variable ψ of theweight vector is −180°≦ψ≦180° (or −90°≦ψ≦90°), and thus sin(ψ) has avalue within a range of −1≦sin(ψ)≦1.

Embodiment 1-3

A vertical beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 22 based on DFT.

W _(v) =e ^(j·2π·m·k/K) /√{square root over (M)}  [Equation 22]

In Equation 22, Wv denotes a vertical beamforming weight vector. Mdenotes the number of antennas in the vertical domain, and m denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the vertical domain (e.g., m=0,1, . . . , M−1). K denotes the number of beams in the vertical domain,and k denotes a beam number (or a beam index) in the vertical domain. Ifthe elevation angle has a value within a range of −90° to 90°, k mayhave a value between 0 and K (e.g., k=0, 1, . . . , K−1).

In Equation 20 of Embodiment 1-1 based on DoA, if dv=λ/2, Wv may beexpressed as Wv=exp(j×π×m×sin(θ))/sqrt(M). Herein, if −90°≦θ≦90°,−1≦sin(θ)≦1. Meanwhile, in Equation 22 of Embodiment 1-3 based on DFT,considering that 2k/K has a value within a range of 0 to 2 based on thebeam index k, the relationship between the range of the elevation angleθ in the DoA based method and the beam index k in the DFT based methodmay be configured.

In the DFT based method, if k=0, 1, . . . , K/2, 2k/K has a value of 0to 1. Herein, the range of the value 2k/K equals the range (i.e.,0≦sin(θ)≦|) of the value sin(0) in a case when the elevation angle θ hasa range of 0°≦θ≦90°.

Furthermore, if k=K/2, K/2+1, . . . , K, 2k/K has a value of 1 to 2.Herein, if it is assumed that A=π×2k/K, the range of the value A is fromπ to 2π. In addition, in view of exp(jA), the value of exp(jA) in a casewhen the range of the value A is from π to 2π equals the value ofexp(jA) in a case when the range of the value A is from −π to 0. Aprinciple in this case may equal the principle that 2k/K has a value of−1 to 0. Herein, the range of the value 2k/K equals the range (i.e.,−1≦sin(θ)≦0) of the value sin(θ) in a case when the elevation angle θhas a range of −90°≦θ≦0°.

In short, the elevation angle θ set to 0°≦θ≦90° in the DoA based methodmay correspond to the beam index k set to a value within a range of 0 toK/2 in the DFT based method.

In addition, the elevation angle θ set to −90°≦θ≦0° in the DoA basedmethod may correspond to the beam index k set to a value within a rangeof K/2 to K in the DFT based method.

Embodiment 1-4

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 23 based on DFT.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·c·h/H) /√{square root over (N)}  [Equation 23]

In Equation 23, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, and n denotesan antenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain. Hdenotes the number of beams in the horizontal domain, h denotes a beamnumber (or a beam index) in the horizontal domain, and c is a valuedetermined depending on a beam index for vertical beamforming.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), n may have a value between 0 and N(e.g., n=0, 1, . . . , N−1).

If a vertical beam index k has a value between 0 and K, c may beconfigured to have a value between 0 and 1.

Specifically, if the elevation angle θ has a value within a range of−90°≦θ≦90° as in Embodiment 1-3, the variable k of the verticalbeamforming weight vector may have a value between 0 and K. Thehorizontal beamforming weight vector includes a value (i.e., c)determined depending on a beam index selected for vertical beamforming,and the value may be defined as given by Equation 24.

c=√{square root over (1−(2k/K−1)²)}  [Equation 24]

As shown in Equation 24, in the present invention, the value c may serveas a coefficient or a variable for satisfying sin²(θ)+cos²(θ)=1. In thisregard, sin(θ) corresponds to k, and cos(θ) corresponds to c.

As such, an appropriate angle ψ in the horizontal domain may be selectedbased on the angle θ selected in the vertical domain. When an azimuthangle is selected in consideration of only the horizontal domain inaddition to (or irrespective of or independently from) an elevationangle selected in the vertical domain, if beamforming of the elevationangle direction is applied, the originally selected azimuth angledirection may not ensure optimal performance in most cases. As such, toenable more accurate beamforming, an appropriate angle ψ in thehorizontal domain needs to be selected based on (or in consideration ofor depending on) the angle θ selected in the vertical domain.

Accordingly, according to the present invention, by designing aprecoding codebook including weight vector(s) using the vale c, the UEmay feedback CSI including more accurate and efficient precodinginformation, and the eNB may perform more accurate and efficientprecoding (or beamforming).

Embodiment 1-5

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 25 based on DoA.

W _(h) =e ^(j2π·n·d) ^(h) ^(·sin(φ)/λ) /√{square root over(N)}  [Equation 25]

In Equation 25, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, n denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain (e.g.,n=0, 1, . . . , N−1), and dh denotes the distance between antennas inthe horizontal domain. λ denotes a wavelength, and ψ denotes an azimuthangle.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), the range of the variable ψ of theweight vector is −180°≦ψ≦180° (or −90°≦ψ≦90°), and thus sin(ψ) has avalue within a range of −1≦sin(ψ)≦1.

Embodiment 1-5 corresponds to a case in which θ=0° is assumed inEmbodiment 1-2. In this regard, the current embodiment may correspond toa method for selecting an azimuth angle without considering an elevationangle (or by assuming an elevation angle to be 0°). As such, althoughthe accuracy of a beam direction is slightly lowered, the complexity ofcalculation of the UE may be effectively reduced.

Embodiment 1-6

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 26 based on DFT.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·h/H) /√{square root over (N)}  [Equation 26]

In Equation 26, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, and n denotesan antenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain. Hdenotes the number of beams in the horizontal domain, and h denotes abeam number (or a beam index) in the horizontal domain.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), n may have a value between 0 and N(e.g., n=0, 1, . . . , N−1).

Embodiment 1-6 corresponds to a case in which the value c is assumed tobe 1 in Embodiment 1-4. In this regard, the current embodiment maycorrespond to a method for selecting an azimuth angle withoutconsidering an elevation angle (or by assuming an elevation angle to be0°). As such, although the accuracy of a beam direction is slightlylowered, the complexity of calculation of the UE may be effectivelyreduced.

Embodiment 2

If an elevation angle of 0° is a value indicating a directionperpendicular to an antenna array, a codebook for vertical beamformingmay include a weight vector capable of forming a beam having anelevation angle within a range of 0° to 90°.

Embodiment 2-1

A vertical beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 27 based on DoA.

W _(v) =e ^(j·2π·m·d) ^(v) ^(·sin(θ)/λ)/√{square root over(M)}  [Equation 27]

In Equation 27, Wv denotes a vertical beamforming weight vector. Mdenotes the number of antennas in the vertical domain, m denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the vertical domain (e.g., m=0,1, . . . , M−1), and dv denotes the distance between antennas in thevertical domain. λ denotes a wavelength, and θ denotes an elevationangle.

If the elevation angle has a value within a range of 0° to 90°, therange of the variable θ of the weight vector is 0°≦θ≦90°, and thussin(0) has a value within a range of 0≦sin(θ)≦1.

Embodiment 2-2

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 28 based on DoA.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·d) ^(h) ^(·cos(θ)sin(φ)/λ)/√{square root over(N)}  [Equation 28]

In Equation 28, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, n denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain (e.g.,n=0, 1, . . . , N−1), and dh denotes the distance between antennas inthe horizontal domain. λ denotes a wavelength, θ denotes an elevationangle, and ψ denotes an azimuth angle.

If the elevation angle has a value within a range of 0° to 90°, therange of the variable θ of the weight vector is 0°≦θ≦90°, and thuscos(θ) has a value within a range of 0≦cos(θ)≦1.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), the range of the variable ψ of theweight vector is −180°≦ψ≦180° (or −90°≦ψ≦90°), and thus sin(ψ) has avalue within a range of −1≦sin(ψ)≦1.

Embodiment 2-3

A vertical beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 29 based on DFT.

W _(v) =e ^(j·2π·m·k/K)/√{square root over (M)}  [Equation 29]

In Equation 29, Wv denotes a vertical beamforming weight vector. Mdenotes the number of antennas in the vertical domain, and m denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the vertical domain (e.g., m=0,1, . . . , M−1). K denotes the number of beams in the vertical domain,and k denotes a beam number (or a beam index) in the vertical domain. Ifthe elevation angle has a value within a range of 0° to 90°, k may havea value between 0 and K/2 (e.g., k=0, 1, . . . , K/2−1).

In Equation 27 of Embodiment 2-1 based on DoA, if dv=λ/2, Wv may beexpressed as Wv=exp(j×π×m×sin(θ))/sqrt(M). Herein, if 0°≦θ≦90°,0≦sin(θ)≦1. Meanwhile, in Equation 29 of Embodiment 2-3 based on DFT,considering that 2k/K has a value within a range of 0 to 2 based on thebeam index k, the relationship between the range of the elevation angleθ in the DoA based method and the beam index k in the DFT based methodmay be configured.

In the DFT based method, if k=0, 1, . . . , K/2, 2k/K has a value of 0to 1. Herein, the range of the value 2k/K equals the range (i.e.,0≦sin(θ)≦1) of the value sin(θ) in a case when the elevation angle θ hasa range of 0°≦θ≦90°.

As such, the elevation angle θ set to 0°≦θ≦90° in the DoA based methodmay correspond to the beam index k set to a value within a range of 0 toK/2 in the DFT based method.

Embodiment 2-4

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 30 based on DFT.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·c·h/H)/√{square root over (N)}  [Equation 30]

In Equation 30, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, and n denotesan antenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain. Hdenotes the number of beams in the horizontal domain, h denotes a beamnumber (or a beam index) in the horizontal domain, and c is a valuedetermined depending on a beam index for vertical beamforming.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), n may have a value between 0 and N(e.g., n=0, 1, . . . , N−1).

If a vertical beam index k has a value between 0 and K/2, c may beconfigured to have a value between 0 and 1.

Specifically, if the elevation angle θ has a value within a range of0°≦θ≦90° as in Embodiment 2-3, the variable k of the verticalbeamforming weight vector may have a value between 0 and K/2. Thehorizontal beamforming weight vector includes a value (i.e., c)determined depending on a beam index selected for vertical beamforming,and the value may be defined as given by Equation 31.

c=√{square root over (1−(2k/K−1)²)}  [Equation 31]

As shown in Equation 31, the value c may serve as a coefficient or avariable for selecting an appropriate angle ψ in the horizontal domainbased on (or in consideration of or depending on) the angle θ selectedin the vertical domain.

Meanwhile, if the elevation angle is limited as described in the currentimplementation (e.g., 0°≦θ≦90°), the complexity of calculation of the UEmay be reduced by simply setting the value c to 1 (or by assuming theelevation angle)θ=0°. A description is now given of examples thereof.

Embodiment 2-5

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 32 based on DoA.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·d) ^(h) ^(·sin(φ)/λ)/√{square root over(N)}  [Equation 32]

In Equation 32, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, n denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain (e.g.,n=0, 1, . . . , N−1), and dh denotes the distance between antennas inthe horizontal domain. λ denotes a wavelength, and ψ denotes an azimuthangle.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), the range of the variable ψ of theweight vector is −180°≦ψ≦180° (or −90°≦ψ≦90°), and thus sin(ψ) has avalue within a range of −1≦sin(ψ)≦1.

Embodiment 2-5 corresponds to a case in which θ=0° is assumed inEmbodiment 2-2. In this regard, the current embodiment may correspond toa method for selecting an azimuth angle without considering an elevationangle (or by assuming an elevation angle to be 0°). As such, althoughthe accuracy of a beam direction is slightly lowered, the complexity ofcalculation of the UE may be effectively reduced.

Embodiment 2-6

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 33 based on DFT.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·h/H)√{square root over (N)}  [Equation 33]

In Equation 33, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, and n denotesan antenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain. Hdenotes the number of beams in the horizontal domain, and h denotes abeam number (or a beam index) in the horizontal domain.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), n may have a value between 0 and N(e.g., n=0, 1, . . . , N−1).

Embodiment 2-6 corresponds to a case in which the value c is assumed tobe 1 in Embodiment 2-4. In this regard, the current embodiment maycorrespond to a method for selecting an azimuth angle withoutconsidering an elevation angle (or by assuming an elevation angle to be0°). As such, although the accuracy of a beam direction is slightlylowered, the complexity of calculation of the UE may be effectivelyreduced.

Embodiment 3

If an elevation angle of 0° is a value indicating a directionperpendicular to an antenna array, a codebook for vertical beamformingmay include a weight vector capable of forming a beam having anelevation angle within a range of −90° to 0°.

Embodiment 3-1

A vertical beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 34 based on DoA.

W _(v) =e ^(j·2π·m·d) ^(v) ^(·sin(θ)/λ)/√{square root over(M)}  [Equation 34]

In Equation 34, Wv denotes a vertical beamforming weight vector. Mdenotes the number of antennas in the vertical domain, m denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the vertical domain (e.g., m=0,1, . . . , M−1), and dv denotes the distance between antennas in thevertical domain. λ denotes a wavelength, and θ denotes an elevationangle.

If the elevation angle has a value within a range of −90° to 0°, therange of the variable θ of the weight vector is −90°≦θ≦0°, and thussin(θ) has a value within a range of −1≦sin(θ)≦0.

Embodiment 3-2

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 35 based on DoA.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·d) ^(h) ^(·cos(θ)·sin(φ)/λ)√{square root over(N)}  [Equation 35]

In Equation 35, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, n denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain (e.g.,n=0, 1, . . . , N−1), and dh denotes the distance between antennas inthe horizontal domain. λ denotes a wavelength, θ denotes an elevationangle, and ψ denotes an azimuth angle.

If the elevation angle has a value within a range of −90° to 0°, therange of the variable θ of the weight vector is −90°≦θ≦0°, and thuscos(θ) has a value within a range of 0≦cos(θ)≦1.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), the range of the variable ψ of theweight vector is −180°≦ψ≦180° (or −90°≦ψ≦90°), and thus sin(ψ) has avalue within a range of −1≦sin(ψ)≦1.

Embodiment 3-3

A vertical beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 36 based on DFT.

W _(v) =e ^(j·2π·m·k/K)/√{square root over (M)}  [Equation 36]

In Equation 36, Wv denotes a vertical beamforming weight vector. Mdenotes the number of antennas in the vertical domain, and m denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the vertical domain (e.g., m=0,1, . . . , M−1). K denotes the number of beams in the vertical domain,and k denotes a beam number (or a beam index) in the vertical domain. Ifthe elevation angle has a value within a range of 0° to 90°, k may havea value between K/2 and K (e.g., k=K/2, K/2+1, . . . , K−1).

In Equation 34 of Embodiment 3-1 based on DoA, if dv=λ/2, Wv may beexpressed as Wv=exp(j×π×m×sin(θ))/sqrt(M). Herein, if −90°≦θ≦0°,−1≦sin(θ)≦0. Meanwhile, in Equation 36 of Embodiment 3-3 based on DFT,considering that 2k/K has a value within a range of 1 to 2 based on thebeam index k, the relationship between the range of the elevation angleθ in the DoA based method and the beam index k in the DFT based methodmay be configured.

In the DFT based method, if k=K/2, K/2+1, . . . , K, 2k/K has a value of1 to 2. Herein, if it is assumed that A=π×2k/K, the range of the value Ais from π to 2π. In addition, in view of exp(jA), the value of exp(jA)in a case when the range of the value A is from π to 2π equals the valueof exp(jA) in a case when the range of the value A is from −π to 0. Aprinciple in this case may equal the principle that 2k/K has a value of−1 to 0. Herein, the range of the value 2k/K equals the range (i.e.,−1≦sin(θ)≦0) of the value sin(θ) in a case when the elevation angle θhas a range of −90°≦θ≦0°.

In short, the elevation angle θ set to −90°≦θ≦0° in the DoA based methodmay correspond to the beam index k set to a value within a range of K/2to K in the DFT based method.

Embodiment 3-4

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 37 based on DFT.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·c·h/H)/√{square root over (N)}  [Equation 37]

In Equation 37, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, and n denotesan antenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain. Hdenotes the number of beams in the horizontal domain, h denotes a beamnumber (or a beam index) in the horizontal domain, and c is a valuedetermined depending on a beam index for vertical beamforming.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), n may have a value between 0 and N(e.g., n=0, 1, . . . , N−1).

If a vertical beam index k has a value between K/2 and K, c may beconfigured to have a value between 1 and 0.

Specifically, if the elevation angle θ has a value within a range of−90°≦θ≦0° as in Embodiment 3-3, the variable k of the verticalbeamforming weight vector may have a value between K/2 and K. Thehorizontal beamforming weight vector includes a value (i.e., c)determined depending on a beam index selected for vertical beamforming,and the value may be defined as given by Equation 38.

c=√{square root over (1−(2k/K−1)²)}

As shown in Equation 38, the value c may serve as a coefficient or avariable for selecting an appropriate angle ψ in the horizontal domainbased on (or in consideration of or depending on) the angle θ selectedin the vertical domain.

Meanwhile, if the elevation angle is limited as described in the currentimplementation (e.g., −90°≦θ≦0°), the complexity of calculation of theUE may be reduced by simply setting the value c to 1 (or by assuming theelevation angle)θ=0°. A description is now given of examples thereof.

Embodiment 3-5

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 39 based on DoA.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·d) ^(h) ^(·sin(φ)/λ)/√{square root over(N)}  [Equation 39]

In Equation 39, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, n denotes anantenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain (e.g.,n=0, 1, . . . , N−1), and dh denotes the distance between antennas inthe horizontal domain. λ denotes a wavelength, and ψ denotes an azimuthangle.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), the range of the variable ψ of theweight vector is −180°≦ψ≦180° (or −90°≦ψ≦90°), and thus sin(ψ) has avalue within a range of −1≦sin(ψ)≦1.

Embodiment 3-5 corresponds to a case in which θ=0° is assumed inEmbodiment 3-2. In this regard, the current embodiment may correspond toa method for selecting an azimuth angle without considering an elevationangle (or by assuming an elevation angle to be 0°). As such, althoughthe accuracy of a beam direction is slightly lowered, the complexity ofcalculation of the UE may be effectively reduced.

Embodiment 3-6

A horizontal beamforming weight vector for a 2-D antenna array may beexpressed as given by Equation 40 based on DFT.

W _(h) =e ^(j·2π·n·h/H)/√{square root over (N)}  [Equation 40]

In Equation 40, Wh denotes a horizontal beamforming weight vector. Ndenotes the number of antennas in the horizontal domain, and n denotesan antenna number (or an antenna index) in the horizontal domain. Hdenotes the number of beams in the horizontal domain, and h denotes abeam number (or a beam index) in the horizontal domain.

If the azimuth angle has a value within a range of −180° to 180° (or avalue within a range of −90° to 90°), n may have a value between 0 and N(e.g., n=0, 1, . . . , N−1).

Embodiment 3-6 corresponds to a case in which the value c is assumed tobe 1 in Embodiment 3-4. In this regard, the current embodiment maycorrespond to a method for selecting an azimuth angle withoutconsidering an elevation angle (or by assuming an elevation angle to be0°). As such, although the accuracy of a beam direction is slightlylowered, the complexity of calculation of the UE may be effectivelyreduced.

In the above precoding codebook configuration methods proposed by thepresent invention, the following may be additionally considered.

When a precoding matrix (or a precoding vector) included in a precodingcodebook is configured, the resolution of vertical beamforming may beset differently based on the value of an elevation angle (or a range ofan elevation angle). Considering that a physical antenna array is placedon the roof of a tall building, it is expected that a case in which thelocation of the antenna array is higher than the location of signaltransmission/reception targets (e.g., the case of FIG. 19( b)) is morecommon compared to an opposite case thereof (e.g., the case of FIG. 19(a)). In addition, when the location of the antenna array is higher thanthe location of signal transmission/reception targets (e.g., the case ofFIG. 19( b)), in consideration of refraction, reflection, etc. due tovarious obstacles, beam directions need to be adjusted more preciselycompared to an opposite case thereof (e.g., the case of FIG. 19( a)).

Considering this, when an elevation angle of 0° is a value indicating adirection perpendicular to an antenna array and the elevation angleranges from −90° to 90° (or from 0° to 90°), the precoding codebook maybe designed in such a manner that vertical beamforming has a denseresolution if the elevation angle is close to 90° (i.e., close to adownward direction on the antenna array), and has a sparse resolution ifthe elevation angle is close to an opposite direction thereof (e.g.,−90° or 0°). That is, within a precoding codebook including a precodingweight vector/matrix for vertical beamforming, the resolution of theprecoding weight vector/matrix for vertical beamforming may be set to below if the elevation angle is close to 0° compared to a case in whichthe elevation angle is close to 90°. In addition, within the precodingcodebook, the number of precoding matrices (or precoding vectors)corresponding to the vicinity of an elevation angle of 90° may begreater than the number of precoding matrices (or precoding vectors)corresponding to the vicinity of an elevation angle of −90° (or 0°).

Furthermore, when a precoding matrix (or a precoding vector) included ina precoding codebook is configured, the resolution of horizontalbeamforming may be set differently based on the value of an elevationangle (or a range of an elevation angle). For the same reason describedabove, since precise beam direction configuration is advantageous if theelevation angle is close to 90°, the precoding codebook may be designedin such a manner that horizontal beamforming has a dense resolution ifthe elevation angle is close to 90° (i.e., close to a downward directionon the antenna array), and has a sparse resolution if the elevationangle is close to an opposite direction thereof (e.g., −90° or 0°). Thatis, within a precoding codebook including a precoding weightvector/matrix for horizontal beamforming, the resolution of theprecoding weight vector/matrix for horizontal beamforming may be set tobe high if the elevation angle has a value within a range of 0° to 90°compared to a case in which the elevation angle has a value within arange of −90° to 0°. For example, the resolution of horizontalbeamforming may be set to be dense if the elevation angle has a valuewithin a range of 0° to 90°, and set to be sparse if the elevation anglehas a value within a range of −90° to 0°.

Implementation 2

Implementation 2 relates to a method for configuring a codebook setincluding a precoding horizontal beamforming weight vector and aprecoding vertical beamforming weight vector.

Embodiment 1

The current embodiment proposes a method for configuring a codebook forvertical-horizontal beamforming.

A precoding weight vector (or a precoding weight matrix) for 3Dbeamforming may be determined or indicated by a combination of 2indicators (or 2 PMIs). The 2 indicators may be denoted by, for example,I₁ and I₂. I₁ and I₂ may be simultaneously reported, or reported atdifferent timings to reduce feedback overhead. Herein, I₁ may bereported in a long-term cycle and applied to a wideband.

Embodiment 1-1

Each of one or more elements of the codebook may be designed to includeboth a vertical beamforming weight vector/matrix and a horizontalbeamforming weight vector/matrix.

Embodiment 1-2

A precoder set indicated by a first indicator (e.g., I₁) includes onevertical beamforming weight vector/matrix and one or more horizontalbeamforming weight vector/matrix candidates. Different verticalbeamforming weight vectors/matrices may be determined by differentvalues of the first indicator I₁, and the different values of the firstindicator I₁ may correspond to the same horizontal beamforming weightvector/matrix.

For example, a precoder vector/matrix for 3D beamforming may beconfigured by the first indicator I₁ and the second indicator I₂ asshown in Table 15.

TABLE 15 I₂ I₁ 0 1 2 3 0 Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2)Wh(3) 1 Wv(1), Wv(1), Wv(1), Wv(1), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) 2 Wv(2),Wv(2), Wv(2), Wv(2), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) 3 Wv(3), Wv(3), Wv(3),Wv(3), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3)

In Table 15, if I₁=0, 1 vertical beamforming weight vector/matrix, e.g.,Wv(0), is indicated, and 4 horizontal beamforming weight vector/matrixcandidates, e.g., Wh(0), Wh(1), Wh(2) and Wh(3), are indicated.Additionally, one of the 4 horizontal beamforming weight vector/matrixcandidates may be specified by the value of I₂. Similarly, with respectto the other values of I₁, one of the vertical beamforming weightvectors/matrices may be indicated by the value of I₁, and one of thehorizontal beamforming weight vectors/matrices may be indicated by thevalue of I₂ combined therewith.

Embodiment 1-3

A precoder set indicated by the first indicator (e.g., I₁) includes apart of one or more vertical beamforming weight vector/matrix candidatesand all of one or more horizontal beamforming weight vector/matrixcandidates. Vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices correspondingto a first value of the first indicator I₁ may partially overlap withvertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices corresponding to a secondvalue thereof. Different values of the first indicator I₁ may correspondto the same horizontal beamforming weight vector/matrix.

For example, a precoder vector/matrix for 3D beamforming may bespecified by the first indicator I₁ and the second indicator I₂ as shownin Table 16.

TABLE 16 I₂ I₁ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(1),Wv(1), Wv(1), Wv(1), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) 1Wv(1), Wv(1), Wv(1), Wv(1), Wv(2), Wv(2), Wv(2), Wv(2), Wh(0) Wh(1)Wh(2) Wh(3) Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) 2 Wv(2), Wv(2), Wv(2), Wv(2), Wv(3),Wv(3), Wv(3), Wv(3), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) 3Wv(3), Wv(3), Wv(3), Wv(3), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wh(0) Wh(1)Wh(2) Wh(3) Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3)

In Table 16, if I₁=0, 2 vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices,e.g., Wv(0) and Wv(1), are indicated, and 4 horizontal beamformingweight vector/matrix candidates, e.g., Wh(0), Wh(1), Wh(2) and Wh(3),are indicated. Additionally, one of the 2 vertical beamforming weightvectors/matrices, e.g., Wv(0) or Wv(1), and one of the 4 horizontalbeamforming weight vector/matrix candidates may be specified by thevalue of I₂. Similarly, with respect to the other values of I₁, 2vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices (or weight vector/matrixcandidates) may be determined by the value of I₁, and one of the 2vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices and one of the horizontalbeamforming weight vectors/matrices may be indicated by the value of I₂combined therewith.

Embodiment 1-4

A precoder set indicated by the first indicator (e.g., I₁) includes apart of one or more vertical beamforming weight vector/matrix candidatesand all of one or more horizontal beamforming weight vector/matrixcandidates. Vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices indicated byeach value of the first indicator I₁ do not overlap with those indicatedby another value thereof, and different vertical beamforming weightvectors/matrices are determined by different values of the firstindicator I₁. Different values of the first indicator I₁ may correspondto the same horizontal beamforming weight vector/matrix.

For example, a precoder vector/matrix for 3D beamforming may bespecified by the first indicator I₁ and the second indicator I₂ as shownin Table 17.

TABLE 17 I₂ I₁ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(1),Wv(1), Wv(1), Wv(1), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) 1Wv(2), Wv(2), Wv(2), Wv(2), Wv(3), Wv(3), Wv(3), Wv(3), Wh(0) Wh(1)Wh(2) Wh(3) Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) 2 Wv(4), Wv(4), Wv(4), Wv(4), Wv(5),Wv(5), Wv(5), Wv(5), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) 3Wv(6), Wv(6), Wv(6), Wv(6), Wv(7), Wv(7), Wv(7), Wv(7), Wh(0) Wh(1)Wh(2) Wh(3) Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3)

In Table 17, if I₁=0, 2 vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices,e.g., Wv(0) and Wv(1), are indicated, and 4 horizontal beamformingweight vector/matrix candidates, e.g., Wh(0), Wh(1), Wh(2) and Wh(3),are indicated. Additionally, one of the 2 vertical beamforming weightvectors/matrices, e.g., Wv(0) or Wv(1), and one of the 4 horizontalbeamforming weight vector/matrix candidates may be specified by thevalue of I₂. Similarly, with respect to the other values of I₁, 2vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices (or weight vector/matrixcandidates) may be determined by the value of I₁, and one of the 2vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices and one of the horizontalbeamforming weight vectors/matrices may be indicated by the value of I₂combined therewith.

Embodiment 1-5

A precoder set indicated by the first indicator (e.g., I₁) includes apart of one or more vertical beamforming weight vector/matrix candidatesand a part of one or more horizontal beamforming weight vector/matrixcandidates. Vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices correspondingto a first value of the first indicator I₁ may partially or entirelyoverlap with vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices correspondingto a second value thereof. Horizontal beamforming weightvectors/matrices indicated by each value of the first indicator I₁ donot overlap with those indicated by another value thereof, and differenthorizontal beamforming weight vectors/matrices are determined bydifferent values of the first indicator I₁.

For example, a precoder vector/matrix for 3D beamforming may bespecified by the first indicator I₁ and the second indicator I₂ as shownin Table 18.

TABLE 18 I₂ I₁ 0 1 2 3 0 Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2)Wh(3) 1 Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wv(0), Wh(4) Wh(5) Wh(6) Wh(7) 2 Wv(1),Wv(1), Wv(1), Wv(1), Wh(0) Wh(1) Wh(2) Wh(3) 3 Wv(1), Wv(1), Wv(1),Wv(1), Wh(4) Wh(5) Wh(6) Wh(7)

In Table 18, if I₁=0, 1 vertical beamforming weight vector/matrix, e.g.,Wv(0), is indicated, and 4 horizontal beamforming weight vector/matrixcandidates, e.g., Wh(0), Wh(1), Wh(2) and Wh(3), are indicated.Additionally, one of the 4 horizontal beamforming weight vector/matrixcandidates may be specified by the value of I₂. Similarly, with respectto the other values of I₁, one of the vertical beamforming weightvectors/matrices may be indicated by the value of I₁, and one of thehorizontal beamforming weight vectors/matrices may be indicated by thevalue of I₂ combined therewith.

In the above-described various examples, a DoA or DFT based precodingweight vector/matrix may be configured using the method described abovein relation to Implementation 1.

In addition, a codebook may be designed in such a manner that the sizeof a horizontal domain codebook adaptively varies depending on the valueof a vertical domain PMI. For example, a large codebook may be designedby allowing 7 horizontal domain PMIs, e.g., Wh(0) to Wh(7), tocorrespond to Wv(0), and a small codebook may be designed by allowing 2horizontal domain PMIs, e.g., Wh(0) and Wh(1), to correspond to Wv(3).

Alternatively, a codebook may be designed to have different sizesdepending on the value (or a range) of an elevation angle in thevertical direction. For example, the codebook may be designed to includea large number of vertical and/or horizontal precoding weightmatrices/vectors (i.e., to support dense beamforming) for an elevationangle range from 0° to 45°, and to include a small number of verticaland/or horizontal precoding weight matrices/vectors (i.e., to supportsparse beamforming) for an elevation angle range from 45° to 90°. As anadditional example, the codebook may be designed to include a largenumber of vertical and/or horizontal precoding weight matrices/vectors(i.e., to support dense beamforming) for an elevation angle range from0° to −45°, and to include a small number of vertical and/or horizontalprecoding weight matrices/vectors (i.e., to support sparse beamforming)for an elevation angle range from 0° to 90°. Similarly, the codebook maybe designed to densely or sparsely define vertical/horizontal precodingweight matrices/vectors for a specific elevation angle range.

The following embodiments relate to a method for separately configuringa codebook set for horizontal beamforming and a vertical beamformingcodebook set.

Embodiment 2

The current embodiment relates to a method for configuring a codebookincluding precoding weight vector(s)/matrix(matrices) for verticalbeamforming (hereinafter referred to as a vertical beamformingcodebook).

According to the current embodiment, a specific precoding vector/matrixof the vertical beamforming codebook may be determined or indicated by acombination of 2 indicators (or 2 PMIs). The 2 indicators may be denotedby, for example, V-I₁ and V-I₂. V-I₁ and V-I₂ may be simultaneouslyreported, or reported at different timings to reduce feedback overhead.Herein, the PMI(s) for vertical beamforming (e.g., V-I₁ and/or V-I₂) maybe reported in a long-term cycle and applied to a wideband.Alternatively, between the PMIs for vertical beamforming, compared toV-I₂, V-I₁ may be reported in a long-term cycle and applied to awideband.

If the precoding weight vector/matrix for vertical beamforming isindicated by 2 indicators as described above, a precoding weightvector/matrix for 3D beamforming may be ultimately specified byadditionally combining one (or a plurality of) precodingvector(s)/matrix(matrices) for horizontal beamforming. For example, theprecoding weight vector/matrix for 3D beamforming may be indicated by acombination of 2 V-PMIs and 1 H-PMI.

The vertical beamforming codebook may be configured in such a mannerthat the V-PMI(s) (e.g., V-I₁ and/or V-I₂) indicate a precoding weightvector/matrix configured based on DoA or DFT using the method describedabove in relation to Implementation 1.

In addition, the size or length of the V-PMI(s) (e.g., V-h and/or V-I₂)is determined depending on the number of antenna ports in the verticaldomain.

Furthermore, vertical beamforming weight vectors/matrices correspondingto a first value of V-I₁ may partially or entirely overlap with verticalbeamforming weight vectors/matrices corresponding to a second valuethereof. For example, a precoding vector/matrix for vertical beamformingmay be specified by V-I₁ and V-I₂ as shown in Table 19.

TABLE 19 V-I₂ V-I₁ 0 1 0 Wv (0) Wv (1) 1 Wv (1) Wv (2) 2 Wv (2) Wv (3) 3Wv (3) Wv (0)

In Table 19, if V-I₁=0, 2 vertical beamforming weight vector/matrixcandidates, e.g., Wv(0) and Wv(1), are indicated, one of the two isdetermined by the value of V-I₂. If V-I₁=1, 2 vertical beamformingweight vector/matrix candidates, e.g., Wv(1) and Wv(2), are indicated,and one of the two is determined by the value of V-I₂. Similarly, withrespect to the other values of V-I₁, a group of vertical beamformingweight vector/matrix candidates may be indicated by the value of I₁, andone vertical beamforming weight vector/matrix thereof may be indicatedby the value of V-I₂ combined therewith.

When V-I₁ and V-I₂ are reported at different timings, reporting cyclesthereof may be configured as described below.

Between V-I₁ and V-I₂, V-I₂ may be reported more frequently compared toV-I₁ (or, a reporting cycle of V-I₂ may be set to be shorter than thereporting cycle of V-I₁).

Between V-I₂ and H-PMI, V-I₂ may be reported more frequently compared toH-PMI (or, a reporting cycle of V-I₂ may be set to be shorter than thereporting cycle of H-PMI). Alternatively, V-I₂ may be reported at thesame timing as H-PMI.

If H-PMI is configured as 2 indicators (e.g., H-I₁ and H-I₂), H-I₁ maybe reported at the same timing as V-I₂. Alternatively, H-I₁ may bereported at the same timing as RI. Otherwise, H-I₁ may not be reportedsimultaneously with another PMI or another type of CSI, and may bereported separately. Instead, H-I₁ and H-I₂ may be reported at the sametiming.

Embodiment 3

The current embodiment relates to another method for configuring acodebook including precoding weight vector(s)/matrix(matrices) forvertical beamforming (hereinafter referred to as a vertical beamformingcodebook).

According to the current embodiment, a specific precoding vector/matrixof the vertical beamforming codebook may be determined or indicated byone indicator (or one PMI). The indicator may be denoted by, forexample, V-I. Herein, the PMI for vertical beamforming (e.g., V-I) maybe reported in a long-term cycle and applied to a wideband.

If the precoding weight vector/matrix for vertical beamforming isindicated by one indicator (e.g., V-I) as described above, a precodingweight vector/matrix for 3D beamforming may be ultimately specified byadditionally combining one (or a plurality of) precodingvector(s)/matrix(matrices) for horizontal beamforming. For example, theprecoding weight vector/matrix for 3D beamforming may be indicated by acombination of 1 V-I and one or more H-PMIs (e.g., H-I, or H-I₁ andH-I₂).

The vertical beamforming codebook may be configured in such a mannerthat V-I indicates a precoding weight vector/matrix configured based onDoA or DFT using the method described above in relation toImplementation 1.

In addition, the size or length of V-I is determined depending on thenumber of antenna ports in the vertical domain.

For example, as shown in Table 20, V-I may indicate a specific verticalbeamforming precoding weight vector/matrix.

TABLE 20 V-I 0 Wv (0) 1 Wv (1) 2 Wv (2) 3 Wv (3)

Meanwhile, V-I may be reported at a different timing from H-PMI (e.g.,H-I, or H-I₁ and H-I₂). In this case, V-I may be reported morefrequently compared to H-PMI (or, a reporting cycle of V-I may be set tobe shorter than the reporting cycle of H-PMI).

As a modified embodiment of the above-described embodiments, a weightvector/matrix for 3D beamforming (i.e., for simultaneously determiningvertical beamforming and horizontal beamforming) may be configured bycombining a vertical beamforming weight vector/matrix and a horizontalbeamforming weight vector/matrix. For example, a codebook may beconfigured in such a manner that one PMI indicates one precodingvector/matrix applied to both the vertical domain and the horizontaldomain. After the codebook is configured as described above, a specific3D precoding vector/matrix may be indicated by one PMI or a combinationof a plurality of PMIs.

Implementation 3

Implementation 3 relates to a method for defining a PUCCH reportingtype. Specifically, the current implementation proposes a method forreporting the index of a precoder for vertical beamforming and the indexof a precoder for horizontal beamforming when UE-specific verticalbeamforming and horizontal beamforming are performed in a MIMO systemhaving an AAS based 2D antenna array configuration.

In a legacy 3GPP LTE system (e.g., a 3GPP LTE Release-8, 9, 10, or 11system), PUCCH resources are designed to transmit up to 11 to 13 bits.Furthermore, 2 transport blocks (or 2 codewords) can be supported forrank-2 or higher rank transmission, and the 2 transport blocks aremapped one-to-one to the 2 codewords. In addition, a CQI is measured andreported per transport block (or codeword). In this case, the CQI of afirst transport block (or codeword) is expressed using 4 bits, and theCQI of a second transport block (or codeword) is expressed using 3 bits.As such, a total of 7 bits are required to report CQIs of 2 transportblocks (or 2 codewords). If 4 bits are required to report PMI in asystem to which precoding is applied, up to 11 bits may be used tosimultaneously report precoding information and the CQI.

The legacy 3GPP LTE system supports only horizontal beamforming, anddefines a method for reporting CSI therefor through a PUCCH, asdescribed below. Particularly, a codebook for 8Tx transmission has beendesigned based on 2 indicators (e.g., a first indicator i₁ and a secondindicator i₂). To this end, the first indicator and the second indicatormay be reported in PUCCH reporting mode using three methods describedbelow.

First, the first indicator i₁ is reported and then the second indicatori₂ and the CQI are simultaneously reported.

Second, the first indicator i₁, the second indicator i₂, and the CQI aresimultaneously reported.

Third, a specific indicator (e.g., a precoding type indicator (PTI))indicating whether the first indicator i₁ is reported is defined, and adifferent reporting method is used based on the specific indicator. Ifthe specific indicator indicates that the first indicator i₁ isreported, the first indicator i₁ is reported at a predetermined timing,and then the second indicator i₂ and the CQI are simultaneouslyreported. If the specific indicator indicates that the first indicatori₁ is not reported, the second indicator i₂ and the CQI aresimultaneously reported at a predetermined timing (in this case, since aspecific precoding vector/matrix cannot be determined by only the secondindicator i₂ without the first indicator i₁, a specific precodingvector/matrix may be determined or indicated by assuming that apreviously reported first indicator i₁ is used).

For an enhanced 3GPP LTE system (e.g., a 3GPP LTE system afterRelease-11), a method for maximizing potential gain for a MIMO systemassuming an AAS based 2D antenna array configuration is underdiscussion. The AAS based 2D antenna array configuration is differentfrom the legacy system in that vertical domain beamforming can beperformed variably and/or UE-specifically. When vertical beamforming isapplied, the difference from the legacy system is that the UE selects avertical domain beam direction most appropriate for (or preferred by)the UE and reports the same to the eNB. The present invention nowproposes UE operation which should be additionally considered when PMIsfor vertical beamforming and horizontal beamforming are reported.

The present invention defines a specific indicator (or a flag indicator)indicating whether a PMI for vertical beamforming (e.g., V-PMI) isreported when CSI is reported through a PUCCH. The specific indicator isreferred to as a V-PMI reporting type indicator (RTI). The V-PMI RTI maybe included in the CSI transmitted through the PUCCH by the UE. Inaddition, the UE may or may not report the V-PMI depending on the valueof the V-PMI RTI (or, the value of the V-PMI RTI is determined dependingon whether the UE reports or does not report the V-PMI).

If the V-PMI RTI is set to a first value (or a value indicating onstate), the V-PMI may be reported after the V-PMI RTI is reported. Inthis case, an H-PMI may be reported after the V-PMI is reported.Alternatively, the V-PMI and the H-PMI may be reported at the sametiming. Otherwise, the V-PMI and a part of the H-PMI may be reported atthe same timing, and then the other part of the H-PMI may be reported(for example, V-PMI and H-PMI₁ may be simultaneously reported, and thenH-PMI₂ and CQI may be simultaneously reported).

If the V-PMI RTI is set to a second value (or a value indicating offstate), the V-PMI may not be reported and only the H-PMI may be reportedafter the V-PMI RTI is reported. In this case, the precoder for verticalbeamforming may assume that a precoder indicated by the most recentlyreported V-PMI (e.g., the lastly reported V-PMI before the V-PMI RTI isreported) is constantly used. Alternatively, the precoder for verticalbeamforming may use a precoder indicated by a specific V-PMI which isset by default. The default V-PMI may be a V-PMI having the lowestnumber (or index).

The V-PMI RTI may be reported in combination with an RI. In this case,the V-PMI may be assumed to be selected/determined based on rank-1, andthe reported RI may be used to indicate a rank value serving as a basisfor selecting/determining the H-PMI (for example, the RI may indicate atransmission rank value associated with the H-PMI to be reportedthereafter, irrespective of whether the value of the V-PMI RTI indicateson state or off state). Otherwise, the reported RI may be used toindicate a rank value of a precoding vector/matrix indicated by acombination of the V-PMI and the H-PMI (or a precoding vector/matrixobtained as a result of a combination (e.g., a Kronecker product) of aprecoding vector/matrix indicated by the V-PMI and a precodingvector/matrix indicated by the H-PMI).

Alternatively, the V-PMI RTI may be reported prior to the RI. In thiscase, the V-PMI may be assumed to be selected/determined based onrank-1, and the reported RI may be used to indicate a rank value servingas a basis for selecting/determining the H-PMI (i.e., a rank valueassociated with the H-PMI). In addition, a reporting cycle of the V-PMIRTI may be determined as an integer multiple of the reporting cycle ofthe RI. Information indicating that the V-PMI RTI is reported prior tothe RI may be indicated as an offset value based on a predeterminedreport timing (e.g., the RI report timing).

Implementation 4

Implementation 4 relates to a method for supporting legacy MIMOoperation when vertical beamforming is applied. The legacy MIMOoperation refers to MIMO transmission schemes defined for a systembefore vertical beamforming is adopted (e.g., a system supporting onlyhorizontal beamforming).

For a legacy 3GPP LTE system (e.g., a 3GPP LTE Release-8, 9, 10, or 11system), a fixed pattern is used for vertical domain beamforming byassuming vertical tilting based on a passive antenna (or vertical domainbeamforming is not applied), and 1D array based MIMO transmissionoperation in the horizontal domain is defined. As the MIMO transmissionschemes, a single antenna port transmission scheme, a transmit diversityscheme, a spatial multiplexing scheme, a closed-loop MIMO scheme, asingle-layer beamforming scheme, a dual-layer beamforming scheme, amulti-layer beamforming scheme, etc. are defined.

Basic transmission schemes include the single antenna port transmissionscheme and the transmit diversity scheme. Based on the number of CRSantenna ports, the single antenna port transmission scheme is used if 1CRS port is used, a space-frequency block code (SFBC) scheme is used if2 CRS ports are used, and an SFBC-frequency switched transmit diversity(FSTD) scheme using 4 CRS ports may be used as a basic transmissionmethod.

A CRS may be used to measure reference signal received power(RSRP)/reference signal received quality (RSRQ) for selecting a cell,used to measure a CQI as information for link adaptation, used to selecta PMI as information for a precoding based transmission scheme, used toselect a rank for supporting a high rank, and used to demodulate dataand control channels.

When a passive antenna is used, a single vertical beamforming directionis applied, and the same coverage is achieved in the vertical domainbecause the same vertical beamforming direction is applied to a CRS, aCSI-RS, a DMRS (or a UE-specific RS), a synchronization signal, acontrol channel, a data channel, etc. (or vertical beamforming is notapplied).

Meanwhile, if vertical beamforming is applied to an AAS based 2D antennaarray, variable beamforming is enabled in the vertical domain. As such,different vertical beamforming directions may be applied to an RS (e.g.,a CRS, a CSI-RS, or a DMRS (or a UE-specific RS)), a synchronizationsignal, a control channel, a data channel, etc. In this case,measurement mismatch may be generated, and application of verticalbeamforming may cause ambiguity in operation of a legacy entity (e.g., aUE or an eNB) because the legacy schemes do not consider the applicationof vertical beamforming To solve the above problems, a description isnow given of various embodiments of the present invention based onadaptation of vertical beamforming.

Embodiment 1

The current embodiment describes a method for calculating a CQI byassuming transmit diversity based on multiple vertical beamforming (orvertical electric tilting or, simply, vertical tilting) directions.

CSI feedback for DMRS based data transmission is divided into a case inwhich a PMI is reported and a case in which a PMI is not reported. Forexample, when CSI is generated and reported based on a CSI-RS, a PMI anda CQI based thereon may be reported. Meanwhile, when CSI is generatedand reported based on a CRS in a TDD system, a CQI may be reportedwithout a PMI. In this case, the eNB may measure a precoding weightusing an uplink reference signal, and the UE may report a CQI to the eNBwithout a PMI. Herein, although the UE does not report a PMI, a CQI maybe measured and reported by assuming an open-loop spatial multiplexingscheme or a transmit diversity scheme. Considering that asignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved when precoding is applied isimproved by a predetermined level (e.g., 3 dB) compared to an SNRmeasured by assuming open-loop MIMO transmission, the eNB may correctand use the CQI reported by the UE.

Meanwhile, when closed-loop precoding and fixed beamforming are applied,the SNR may have a large difference (e.g., 0 dB to 6 dB) depending onthe location of the user. That is, for a beam in a fixed direction, ahigh SNR can be measured due to concentrated signal intensity at acertain location, but a low SNR can be measured due to low signalintensity at another location. As such, when fixed beamforming isapplied in the vertical domain, the CQI calculation value greatlydiffers depending on the user location.

The legacy passive antenna may be regarded as using a fixed beam patternin the vertical domain. Meanwhile, in the case of an AAS, a CRS istransmitted in a fixed beam pattern (like the legacy system), and it isassumed that variable vertical beamforming is applied to DMRS based datatransmission. In this case, when a PMI is not reported, if a CQI iscalculated based on a CRS, an SNR greatly differs depending on thelocation of the user due to application of fixed beamforming in thevertical domain. To solve the above problem, the present inventionproposes the following methods.

When a PMI is not reported, an SNR may be calculated based on a verticalbeamforming (or vertical tilting) direction. In addition, for 3GPP LTEtransmit mode 2 (TM2) (i.e., transmit diversity), vertical beamforming(or vertical tilting) information may be provided to the UE throughhigher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling. In addition, even when a PMI is notreported based on the legacy system, since this defines that precodinginformation in the horizontal domain is not reported, an additional UEoperation for reporting the vertical beamforming (or vertical tilting)information may be defined.

In addition, a special reference signal (RS) for calculating a CQI inconsideration of vertical beamforming (or vertical tilting) may beconfigured for the UE. The special RS may use a CSI-RS, or a CRSdesigned for a different type of measurement from a pre-defined CRS.

Herein, vertical beamforming (or vertical tilting) may be expressed as aweight vector for vertical domain beamforming. In addition, by applyingvertical beamforming (or vertical tilting) differently per CRS, the UEmay recognize the same as CRSs from different cells (or CRSs to whichdifferent vertical beamforming (or vertical tilting) directions areapplied). In addition, by signaling a plurality of vertically sectorizedCSI-RS configurations to the UE, the UE may calculate/select CSI of avertical domain sector corresponding to each CSI-RS configuration.

Embodiment 2

A new transmit mode may be defined for vertical beamforming. This newtransmit mode may include a precoding scheme for performing verticalbeamforming and horizontal beamforming, and a fallback scheme operablewithout feedback information. The fallback scheme may correspond to abasic operation performable without a special configuration when aproblem occurs in communication.

For example, the fallback scheme may be defined to use a verticalbeamforming precoding vector/matrix corresponding to V-PMI index 0 andto apply a single antenna transmission scheme. Alternatively, thefallback scheme may correspond to a transmission scheme based onvertical domain sectorization to which open-loop transmission isapplied.

A description is now given of a method using default verticalbeamforming (or a default precoding weight) to support the fallbackscheme.

To apply a legacy MIMO scheme, a fixed precoding weight may be used inthe vertical domain.

When a beamforming weight vector/matrix is applied to an antenna elementfor vertical domain beamforming in a MIMO system to which an AAS based2D antenna array configuration is applied, a specific (or default)antenna port may be configured using a specific (or default) precodingweight vector/matrix among vertical domain weight vectors/matrices forthe legacy MIMO scheme. If the weight vectors/matrices are defined inthe form of a codebook, a specific element (e.g., a precoding weightvector/matrix corresponding to the lowest index) within the codebook maybe used as the specific (or default) precoding weight vector/matrix.

For example, a 2D antenna array including 4 antenna elements in thevertical domain and including 4 antenna elements in the horizontaldomain is assumed. In this case, 4 antenna ports of the horizontaldomain may be configured by applying a specific (or default) weightvector of the vertical domain as given by Equation 41.

                                [Equation  41] $\begin{matrix}{H_{ap} = \left\lbrack {H_{0}\mspace{14mu} H_{1}\mspace{14mu} H_{2}\mspace{14mu} H_{3}} \right\rbrack} \\{= {H_{ae} \cdot W_{v}}} \\{= \left\lbrack {{H_{00}\mspace{14mu} H_{01}\mspace{14mu} H_{02}\mspace{14mu} H_{03}};{H_{10}\mspace{14mu} H_{11}\mspace{14mu} H_{12}\mspace{14mu} H_{13}};{H_{20}\mspace{14mu} H_{21}\mspace{14mu} H_{22}\mspace{14mu} H_{23}};} \right.} \\{\left. {H_{30}\mspace{14mu} H_{31}\mspace{14mu} H_{32}\mspace{14mu} H_{33}} \right\rbrack \cdot \left\lbrack {W_{0};W_{1};{W_{2}W_{3}}} \right\rbrack} \\{= \left\lbrack \left( {{H_{00}W_{0}} + {H_{10}W_{1}} + {H_{20}W_{2}} + {H_{30}W_{3}}} \right) \right.} \\{\left( {{H_{01}W_{0}} + {H_{11}W_{1}} + {H_{21}W_{2}} + {H_{31}W_{3}}} \right)} \\{\left( {{H_{02}W_{0}} + {H_{12}W_{1}} + {H_{22}W_{2}} + {H_{32}W_{3}}} \right)} \\\left. \left( {{H_{03}W_{0}} + {H_{13}W_{1}} + {H_{23}W_{2}} + {H_{33}W_{3}}} \right) \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 41, H_(ap) is a spatial channel vector/matrix configured byH_(k). H_(k) is a spatial channel for k, and k is an antenna port index.H_(ae) is a spatial channel vector/matrix configured by H_(mn). H_(mn)is a spatial channel for an antenna element (m, n), m is an antennaelement index in the vertical domain, and n is an antenna element indexin the horizontal domain. W_(v) is a specific (or default) weightvector/matrix for vertical domain beamforming.

Embodiment 3

According to the present invention, vertical sectorization may beapplied in the time domain. For example, if a time unit for resourceallocation is a subframe, a different vertical beamforming (or verticaltilting) direction may be applied per subframe.

For example, a different vertical beamforming (or vertical tilting)direction may be applied to each subframe. Alternatively, a differentvertical beamforming (or vertical tilting) direction may be applied toevery N (e.g., N=2, 5, 10) contiguous subframes. Otherwise, subframe(s)to which a first vertical beamforming (or vertical tilting) direction isapplied and subframe(s) to which a second vertical beamforming (orvertical tilting) direction is applied may be distinguishably indicatedusing a bitmap. Instead, different vertical beamforming (or verticaltilting) directions may be applied to different subframe types (e.g., anormal subframe and an MBSFN subframe).

In addition, carrier based vertical sectorization is also enabled. Thismay be understood that different vertical beamforming (or verticaltilting) directions are applied to different carriers (or cells).

FIG. 20 is a diagram for describing a method for transmitting/receivingchannel state information (CSI), according to the present invention.

In step S10, an eNB may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a CSI-RS)usable to generate CSI for a 2D antenna structure, to a UE.

In step S20, the UE may generate CSI for the 2D antenna structure usingthe reference signal received from the eNB.

In step S30, the UE may report the generated CSI to the eNB.

When the CSI for the 2D antenna structure is generated and/or reported,one of or a combination of two or more of the proposals of the presentinvention (e.g., the precoding matrix configuration method, the codebookdesign method, the precoding matrix indicator configuration method, theprecoding matrix indicator reporting method, the legacy system entitysupporting method, etc. for expressing vertical/horizontal beamformingappropriate for the 2D antenna structure) may be applied.

Although the exemplary method of FIG. 20 is described as a series ofsteps for brevity, the above description does not limit the order of thesteps and some or all of the steps may be performed simultaneously or indifferent orders as necessary. In addition, not all steps of FIG. 20 areinevitably necessary to implement the method proposed by the presentinvention.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a user equipment (UE) 20 and a basestation (BS) 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 21, the BS 10 according to the present invention mayinclude a transmitter 11, a receiver 12, a processor 13, a memory 14 andmultiple antennas 15. The transmitter 11 may transmit a variety ofsignals, data and information to an external device (e.g., the UE 20).The receiver 12 may receive a variety of signals, data and informationfrom an external device (e.g., the UE 20). The processor 13 may provideoverall control to the BS 10. The multiple antennas 15 may be configuredbased on, for example, a 2D antenna structure.

The processor 13 of the BS 10 according to an embodiment of the presentinvention may be configured to control the transmitter 11 to transmit areference signal to the UE 20, and to control the receiver 12 to receiveCSI generated using the reference signal by the UE 20, from the UE 20.

In the above configuration of the BS 10, when the CSI for the 2D antennastructure is generated and/or reported, one of or a combination of twoor more of the proposals of the present invention (e.g., the precodingmatrix configuration method, the codebook design method, the precodingmatrix indicator configuration method, the precoding matrix indicatorreporting method, the legacy system entity supporting method, etc. forexpressing vertical/horizontal beamforming appropriate for the 2Dantenna structure) may be applied.

In addition, the processor 13 of the BS 10 may process informationreceived and to be transmitted by the BS 10, and the memory 14 may storethe processed information for a predetermined time and is replaceable byanother component such as a buffer (not shown).

Referring to FIG. 21, the UE 20 according to the present invention mayinclude a transmitter 21, a receiver 22, a processor 23, a memory 24 andmultiple antennas 25. The multiple antennas 25 refer to a devicesupporting MIMO transmission/reception. The transmitter 21 may transmita variety of signals, data and information to an external device (e.g.,the BS 10). The receiver 22 may receive a variety of signals, data andinformation from an external device (e.g., the BS 10). The processor 23may provide overall control to the UE 20.

The processor 23 of the UE 20 according to an embodiment of the presentinvention may be configured to control the receiver 22 to receive areference signal from the BS 10, and to control the transmitter 21 totransmit CSI generated using the reference signal, to the BS 10.

In the above configuration of the UE 20, when the CSI for the 2D antennastructure is generated and/or reported, one of or a combination of twoor more of the proposals of the present invention (e.g., the precodingmatrix configuration method, the codebook design method, the precodingmatrix indicator configuration method, the precoding matrix indicatorreporting method, the legacy system entity supporting method, etc. forexpressing vertical/horizontal beamforming appropriate for the 2Dantenna structure) may be applied.

In addition, the processor 23 of the UE 20 may process informationreceived and to be transmitted by the UE 20, and the memory 24 may storethe processed information for a predetermined time and is replaceable byanother component such as a buffer (not shown).

A BS is exemplified as a downlink transmission entity or an uplinkreception entity and a UE is exemplified as a downlink reception entityor an uplink transmission entity to describe the embodiments of thepresent invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limitedthereto. For example, the description of the BS may be equally appliedto a case in which a cell, an antenna port, an antenna port group, aradio remote head (RRH), a transmission point, a reception point, anaccess point or a relay serves as an entity of downlink transmission tothe UE or an entity of uplink reception from the UE. In addition, theprinciple of the present invention described through various embodimentsmay be equally applied to a case in which a relay serves as an entity ofdownlink transmission to the UE or an entity of uplink reception fromthe UE or a case in which a relay serves as an entity of uplinktransmission to the BS or an entity of downlink reception from the BS.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention may beimplemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software,or a combination thereof.

In a hardware configuration, the methods according to embodiments of thepresent invention may be implemented by one or more Application SpecificIntegrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), DigitalSignal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs),Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers,microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, the methods according toembodiments of the present invention may be implemented in the form ofmodules, procedures, functions, etc. for performing the above-describedfunctions or operations. Software code may be stored in a memory unitand executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located inside oroutside the processor and exchange data with the processor via variousknown means.

The detailed descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the presentinvention have been given to enable those skilled in the art toimplement and practice the invention. Although the invention has beendescribed with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled inthe art will appreciate that various modifications and variations can bemade in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scopeof the invention described in the appended claims. Accordingly, theinvention should not be limited to the specific embodiments describedherein, but should be accorded the broadest scope consistent with theprinciples and novel features disclosed herein.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention maybe carried out in other specific ways than those set forth hereinwithout departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of thepresent invention. The above exemplary embodiments are therefore to beconstrued in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scopeof the invention should be determined by the appended claims and theirlegal equivalents, not by the above description, and all changes comingwithin the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims areintended to be embraced therein. Also, it will be obvious to thoseskilled in the art that claims that are not explicitly cited in theappended claims may be presented in combination as an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention or included as a new claim bysubsequent amendment after the application is filed.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The above-described embodiments of the present invention are applicableto a variety of mobile communication systems.

1. A method for reporting channel state information (CSI) by a userequipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the methodcomprising: receiving a reference signal from a base station (BS); andreporting the CSI generated using the reference signal to the BS,wherein the CSI comprises information indicating a first precodingmatrix for a first domain of a 2D antenna structure, and a secondprecoding matrix for a second domain of the 2D antenna structure, andwherein the first precoding matrix is determined based on a coefficientfor determining an angle in the first domain based on an angle in thesecond domain.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the firstprecoding matrix is expressed as W_h=ê(j·2π·n·c·h/H)/√{square root over( )}N, wherein, N is the number of antennas in the first domain, n is anantenna index in the first domain, H is the number of beams in the firstdomain, h is a beam index in the first domain, and c is the coefficient.3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the second precoding matrixis expressed as W_v=ê(j·2π·m·k/K)/√{square root over ( )}M, wherein, Mis the number of antennas in the second domain, m is an antenna index inthe second domain, K is the number of beams in the second domain, and kis a beam index in the second domain.
 4. The method according to claim3, wherein a direction perpendicular to an antenna array in the seconddomain corresponds to an angle θ=0° in the second domain, and wherein,if −90°≦θ≦90°, k has a value between 0 and K.
 5. The method according toclaim 4, wherein the direction perpendicular to the antenna array in thesecond domain corresponds to the angle θ=0° in the second domain, andwherein, if 0°≦θ≦90°, k has a value between 0 and K/2.
 6. The methodaccording to claim 4, wherein the direction perpendicular to the antennaarray in the second domain corresponds to the angle θ=0° in the seconddomain, and wherein, if −90°≦θ≦0°, k has a value between K/2 and K. 7.The method according to claim 2, wherein a value of the coefficient c isdetermined based on c=√(1−

(2k/K−1)

̂2).
 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein a value of thecoefficient c is set to
 1. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein adirection perpendicular to an antenna array in the second domaincorresponds to an angle θ=0° in the second domain, and wherein, in asecond codebook comprising one or more candidates of the secondprecoding matrix for the second domain of the 2D antenna structure, aresolution of the second precoding matrix is set to be low if the angleis close to θ=0° compared to a case in which the angle is close toθ=90°.
 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein a directionperpendicular to an antenna array in the second domain corresponds to anangle θ=0° in the second domain, and wherein, in a first codebookcomprising the first precoding matrix for beamforming in the firstdomain, a resolution of the first precoding matrix is set to be high ifthe angle has a range of 0°≦θ≦90° compared to a case in which the anglehas a range of −90°≦θ≦0°.
 11. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe first domain is a horizontal domain, and wherein the second domainis a vertical domain.
 12. A method for receiving channel stateinformation (CSI) by a base station (BS) in a wireless communicationsystem, the method comprising: transmitting a reference signal to a userequipment (UE); and receiving the CSI generated using the referencesignal by the UE from the UE, wherein the CSI comprises informationindicating a first precoding matrix for a first domain of a 2D antennastructure, and a second precoding matrix for a second domain of the 2Dantenna structure, and wherein the first precoding matrix is determinedbased on a coefficient for determining an angle in the first domainbased on an angle in the second domain.
 13. A user equipment (UE) forreporting channel state information (CSI) in a wireless communicationsystem, the UE comprising: a transmitter; a receiver; and a processor,wherein the processor is configured to: control the receiver to receivea reference signal from a base station (BS), and control the transmitterto report the CSI generated using the reference signal to the BS,wherein the CSI comprises information indicating a first precodingmatrix for a first domain of a 2D antenna structure, and a secondprecoding matrix for a second domain of the 2D antenna structure, andwherein the first precoding matrix is determined based on a coefficientfor determining an angle in the first domain based on an angle in thesecond domain.
 14. A base station (BS) for receiving channel stateinformation (CSI) in a wireless communication system, the BS comprising:a transmitter; a receiver; and a processor, wherein the processor isconfigured to: control the transmitter to transmit a reference signal toa user equipment (UE), and control the receiver to receive the CSIgenerated using the reference signal by the UE from the UE, wherein theCSI comprises information indicating a first precoding matrix for afirst domain of a 2D antenna structure, and a second precoding matrixfor a second domain of the 2D antenna structure, and wherein the firstprecoding matrix is determined based on a coefficient for determining anangle in the first domain based on an angle in the second domain.